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September 08, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Volcanic threat no light matter for Japan's nuclear plant operators
社説:原発と火山災害 巨大噴火を侮るなかれ
The Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) has released a "basic concept" for dealing with major volcanic eruptions threatening the nation's nuclear power plants. If abnormal volcanic activity posing a threat is detected near a nuclear plant, the regulatory body will ask the power company in charge to halt the plant's reactors and remove nuclear fuel -- even if it might turn out to be a false alarm. The NRA is set to convene a meeting of experts to determine standards for taking such action.
原発に影響を及ぼす巨大噴火に備えた「基本的な考え方」の案を原子力規制委員会が示した。前兆の可能性がある異常を検知したら、「空振りも覚悟の上」で原子炉の停止や燃料の運び出しを電力会社に求める。そのための判断基準についても、有識者を集め、検討を進めるという。
Experts are aligned on the view that the No. 1 and 2 reactors at Kyushu Electric Power Co.'s Sendai Nuclear Power Plant in Kagoshima -- recently judged by the NRA to meet new safety standards -- together face the greatest risk of being damaged in a major volcanic eruption. This should have been considered before the plant underwent safety screenings. Japan is one of the most volcanic countries in the world, and neither the NRA nor the nations' power companies should make light of the threat of eruptions.
規制委が新規制基準に適合していると判断した九州電力川内１、２号機（鹿児島県）は、巨大噴火に襲われる危険性が全国の原発の中で最も高い、というのが専門家の一致した見方だ。本来なら原発の安全審査の前に、こうした検討を進めておくべきだった。日本は世界有数の火山国であり、規制委や電力会社は、噴火の脅威を侮ってはならない。
The landscape around the Sendai plant is marked by calderas -- cauldron-like geographical features that form when a large amount of magma spews out from under the ground, causing it to collapse. Mount Aso and Kagoshima Bay are two examples. In Japan, a major caldera-forming eruption is said to occur about once every 10,000 years.
川内原発周辺には、阿蘇や鹿児島湾など、マグマの大量噴出で土地が陥没したカルデラ地形が複数ある。日本ではカルデラ式の巨大噴火が１万年に１回程度起きている。
Nuclear safety regulations established last year require power companies to conduct surveys on the possible effects of eruptions of volcanoes located within 160 kilometers of any nuclear power plant. Under the regulations, if there is a chance that an eruption could occur while the plant is in operation and produce a pyroclastic or lava flow that reaches the plant, then the land will be deemed unfit for nuclear power generation, and the plant will not be able to operate.
昨年施行された原発の新規制基準は、原発から１６０キロ圏の火山の影響調査を電力会社に義務付けた。運用期間中に噴火が起き、火砕流や溶岩流が到達する恐れがあれば、立地不適格で原発は稼働できない。
Kyushu Electric Power Co. has said the chance of such an eruption occurring while reactors at the Sendai plant are in operation is "sufficiently low." It says the plant could endure an eruption of the Sakurajima volcano that produced 15 centimeters of volcanic ash. Additionally, it says that even if a major eruption were to occur, then magma would build up several decades in advance, and if changes in the earth's crust were observed, then officials could perceive the danger.
九電は、川内原発の運用期間中にそうした噴火が起きる「可能性は十分低い」と評価し、桜島の噴火で火山灰が１５センチ積もる場合を想定すれば足りるとした。巨大噴火が起きるとしても、数十年前からマグマの蓄積が生じるので、地殻変動などを監視すれば事前に察知できるという。
In its safety evaluation, the NRA basically accepted Kyushu Electric Power Co.'s arguments.
規制委は安全審査で、九電の考え方を基本的に了承した。
However, during a subsequent meeting of experts, it was pointed out that it is difficult to predict the size and timing of a major eruption. An opinion was also put forward that measures should not be left entirely in the hands of power companies but be addressed at the national level.
しかし、その後開かれた規制委の有識者検討会では「巨大噴火の時期や規模の予知は困難」との指摘が相次いだ。原発に影響する火山活動の監視では「電力会社任せにせず、国レベルの体制を作るべきだ」との意見も出された。
There are many nuclear facilities around Japan that could be affected by volcanic eruptions. The Sendai Nuclear Power Plant is a benchmark for those facilities in measures against eruptions.
噴火の影響を受ける恐れのある原子力関連施設は日本各地にある。川内原発は、それらの施設の火山対策の試金石となる。
NRA Commissioner Kunihiko Shimazaki, who currently serves as acting chairman of the regulator, says he doesn't know how far the body can go in setting standards for decisions pertaining to major eruptions. But unless officials remain on the safe side when forming standards, there could well be confusion when responding to an abnormality. 規制委の島崎邦彦委員長代理は、巨大噴火に関する判断基準の策定について「どこまでできるか分からない」と述べた。だが、安全サイドに立った基準をあらかじめ作成しておかなければ、異常が検知された時の対応に混乱が生じかねない。
Of course, if a major eruption does occur, it could threaten Japan's very existence.
そもそも、巨大噴火が起きれば日本という国の存亡にかかわる。
In May last year, a Cabinet Office panel advised that monitoring be stepped up and evacuation plans quickly formulated, due to fears that volcanic activity could increase as a result of the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. At the same time, delays in research on major eruptions have been pointed out.
内閣府の検討会は昨年５月、東日本大震災をきっかけに火山活動が活発化する恐れがあるとし、監視体制の強化や避難計画の早期策定を提言した。巨大噴火に関する研究の遅れも指摘している。
To avoid an "unexpected event" such as the Fukushima nuclear disaster, we hope officials will take NRA's planned formulation of standards for its decisions as an opportunity to promote research and countermeasures against major volcanic eruptions.
「想定外」を避けるためにも、規制委による判断基準の検討を、巨大噴火に関する研究や対策を促進する契機としたい。
毎日新聞 2014年09月08日 02時32分
Editorial: Volcanic threat no light matter for Japan's nuclear plant operators
社説:原発と火山災害 巨大噴火を侮るなかれ
The Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) has released a "basic concept" for dealing with major volcanic eruptions threatening the nation's nuclear power plants. If abnormal volcanic activity posing a threat is detected near a nuclear plant, the regulatory body will ask the power company in charge to halt the plant's reactors and remove nuclear fuel -- even if it might turn out to be a false alarm. The NRA is set to convene a meeting of experts to determine standards for taking such action.
原発に影響を及ぼす巨大噴火に備えた「基本的な考え方」の案を原子力規制委員会が示した。前兆の可能性がある異常を検知したら、「空振りも覚悟の上」で原子炉の停止や燃料の運び出しを電力会社に求める。そのための判断基準についても、有識者を集め、検討を進めるという。
Experts are aligned on the view that the No. 1 and 2 reactors at Kyushu Electric Power Co.'s Sendai Nuclear Power Plant in Kagoshima -- recently judged by the NRA to meet new safety standards -- together face the greatest risk of being damaged in a major volcanic eruption. This should have been considered before the plant underwent safety screenings. Japan is one of the most volcanic countries in the world, and neither the NRA nor the nations' power companies should make light of the threat of eruptions.
規制委が新規制基準に適合していると判断した九州電力川内１、２号機（鹿児島県）は、巨大噴火に襲われる危険性が全国の原発の中で最も高い、というのが専門家の一致した見方だ。本来なら原発の安全審査の前に、こうした検討を進めておくべきだった。日本は世界有数の火山国であり、規制委や電力会社は、噴火の脅威を侮ってはならない。
The landscape around the Sendai plant is marked by calderas -- cauldron-like geographical features that form when a large amount of magma spews out from under the ground, causing it to collapse. Mount Aso and Kagoshima Bay are two examples. In Japan, a major caldera-forming eruption is said to occur about once every 10,000 years.
川内原発周辺には、阿蘇や鹿児島湾など、マグマの大量噴出で土地が陥没したカルデラ地形が複数ある。日本ではカルデラ式の巨大噴火が１万年に１回程度起きている。
Nuclear safety regulations established last year require power companies to conduct surveys on the possible effects of eruptions of volcanoes located within 160 kilometers of any nuclear power plant. Under the regulations, if there is a chance that an eruption could occur while the plant is in operation and produce a pyroclastic or lava flow that reaches the plant, then the land will be deemed unfit for nuclear power generation, and the plant will not be able to operate.
昨年施行された原発の新規制基準は、原発から１６０キロ圏の火山の影響調査を電力会社に義務付けた。運用期間中に噴火が起き、火砕流や溶岩流が到達する恐れがあれば、立地不適格で原発は稼働できない。
Kyushu Electric Power Co. has said the chance of such an eruption occurring while reactors at the Sendai plant are in operation is "sufficiently low." It says the plant could endure an eruption of the Sakurajima volcano that produced 15 centimeters of volcanic ash. Additionally, it says that even if a major eruption were to occur, then magma would build up several decades in advance, and if changes in the earth's crust were observed, then officials could perceive the danger.
九電は、川内原発の運用期間中にそうした噴火が起きる「可能性は十分低い」と評価し、桜島の噴火で火山灰が１５センチ積もる場合を想定すれば足りるとした。巨大噴火が起きるとしても、数十年前からマグマの蓄積が生じるので、地殻変動などを監視すれば事前に察知できるという。
In its safety evaluation, the NRA basically accepted Kyushu Electric Power Co.'s arguments.
規制委は安全審査で、九電の考え方を基本的に了承した。
However, during a subsequent meeting of experts, it was pointed out that it is difficult to predict the size and timing of a major eruption. An opinion was also put forward that measures should not be left entirely in the hands of power companies but be addressed at the national level.
しかし、その後開かれた規制委の有識者検討会では「巨大噴火の時期や規模の予知は困難」との指摘が相次いだ。原発に影響する火山活動の監視では「電力会社任せにせず、国レベルの体制を作るべきだ」との意見も出された。
There are many nuclear facilities around Japan that could be affected by volcanic eruptions. The Sendai Nuclear Power Plant is a benchmark for those facilities in measures against eruptions.
噴火の影響を受ける恐れのある原子力関連施設は日本各地にある。川内原発は、それらの施設の火山対策の試金石となる。
NRA Commissioner Kunihiko Shimazaki, who currently serves as acting chairman of the regulator, says he doesn't know how far the body can go in setting standards for decisions pertaining to major eruptions. But unless officials remain on the safe side when forming standards, there could well be confusion when responding to an abnormality. 規制委の島崎邦彦委員長代理は、巨大噴火に関する判断基準の策定について「どこまでできるか分からない」と述べた。だが、安全サイドに立った基準をあらかじめ作成しておかなければ、異常が検知された時の対応に混乱が生じかねない。
Of course, if a major eruption does occur, it could threaten Japan's very existence.
そもそも、巨大噴火が起きれば日本という国の存亡にかかわる。
In May last year, a Cabinet Office panel advised that monitoring be stepped up and evacuation plans quickly formulated, due to fears that volcanic activity could increase as a result of the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. At the same time, delays in research on major eruptions have been pointed out.
内閣府の検討会は昨年５月、東日本大震災をきっかけに火山活動が活発化する恐れがあるとし、監視体制の強化や避難計画の早期策定を提言した。巨大噴火に関する研究の遅れも指摘している。
To avoid an "unexpected event" such as the Fukushima nuclear disaster, we hope officials will take NRA's planned formulation of standards for its decisions as an opportunity to promote research and countermeasures against major volcanic eruptions.
「想定外」を避けるためにも、規制委による判断基準の検討を、巨大噴火に関する研究や対策を促進する契機としたい。
毎日新聞 2014年09月08日 02時32分
September 07, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Fear of an invisible threat
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:目に見えない敵は怖い？ ／東京
For the first time in 70 years, cases of dengue fever have been confirmed originating within Japan.
７０年ぶりに国内での発症が確認されたデング熱。
There are said to be around 100 million new cases of dengue fever around the world a year, and hundreds of people are believed to bring cases of the diseases into Japan every year after catching it in tropical climates. However, the recent cases that have made the news are said to be the first instances in post-World War II Japan for people who had not traveled abroad.
とはいっても、世界では年間約１億人が発症しており、日本でも熱帯地域などへの海外旅行で感染し、国内で発症する人は毎年数百人はいるのではないかといわれる。今回は渡航歴もないのに発症したのが戦後初めてということなのだ。
People needn't be excessively worried, as dengue fever does not pass directly between people, and most who catch the disease recover from their symptoms in around a week. Mosquitos are believed to be the source of the recent infections, and workers have conducted large-scale spraying with insecticide in Yoyogi Park, where the infected mosquitoes are thought to be. Looking at the imposing footage of these workers doing their job, some people have probably conjured up images of the Ebola pandemic, and become anxious.
しかも、人から人への感染はなく、たいていは１週間ほどで自然治癒するので、必要以上に警戒することはないはずだ。感染源とされる蚊が生息する代々木公園では大規模な殺虫剤散布などが行われたが、そのものものしい映像を見ると世界でのエボラ出血熱の流行を連想してしまい、それだけで不安になる人もいるのではないか。
A big reason why we sometimes become unnecessarily scared by infectious diseases like dengue fever is because we can't see the viruses that are behind them. We can protect ourselves from traffic accidents by looking both ways before we cross the road, but when it comes to viruses and bacteria, it is not so simple. There are probably people who, no matter how much they wash their hands, worry that they still have bacteria or viruses somewhere that they missed.
こういった感染症に対して私たちが時として必要以上の恐怖を感じる大きな理由は、感染をひき起こすウイルスが目に見えないことにある。自動車事故にあわないためには、まわりをよく見て道路を横断するなどの対策が打てるが、相手が細菌やウイルスとなるとそうもいかない。いくら手を洗ってもまだどこかについているのではないか、と心配がつのるばかり、という人もいるだろう。
There are also scam artists who take advantage of people's fear of invisible threats. "Termites are trying to eat away the foundations of your house," they may lie, proceeding to charge a heavy fee for termite extermination. There is also a continuing problem with scam artists who will tell people they are cursed by the ghosts of their ancestors, even if they cannot see them, and sell them various things to "lift the curse."
こういった“目に見えない敵の恐怖”を悪用した詐欺もある。「おたくの家の土台を白アリが食いつくそうとしている」などと事実とは異なることを言っておどし、高い駆除代を取ろうとするニセ業者。「あなたには見えないかもしれないが、先祖の霊がついている」などと告げ、除霊のための品々を買わせる霊感商法もいまだに問題となっている。
The victims of these scams may originally dismiss the scam artists' claims, but since the "threat" is invisible, they start to doubt themselves and then wonder whether even though they can't see anything, maybe the scam artists can. In the end they are tricked into paying extraordinary sums to deal with the imagined threat.
いずれも、そう持ちかけられた人は最初は「そんなバカな」と思っていても、次第に「敵が見えないのだから、ウソとも言えない」と疑い始め、ついには「あの人には見えているのかも」と信じて法外なお金を払って駆除や除霊を頼んでしまうのだ。
Of course, unlike with these scams, dengue fever is a real threat, so we shouldn't treat it in the same way. However, if we become neurotic, we will be scared just by going outdoors, and our health can deteriorate just by thinking we are infected. As for the media, it is important to release correct information, and I would like the media to refrain from posting lots of big pictures of mosquitos, or workers spraying insecticide in the darkness just because they are photos with "impact." Meanwhile, we should all keep in mind that an invisible threat is twice as scary just for being invisible.
もちろん、デング熱はこういったインチキとは異なる実際の病なのだから、安易にいっしょにすることはできない。しかし、あまり神経質になりすぎると、外に出るだけで恐怖を感じたり、「もう感染したのでは」と体調がすぐれなくなったりすることもありうる。報道機関に対しても、正しい知識の伝達は大切だが、「インパクトがあるから」という理由だけで蚊を大写しにした写真や闇の中で駆除作業をする光景の写真を多用するのは控えてほしい、と思う。“敵”が目に見えないものはそれだけで恐怖が倍増する、という原則を、私たちも心にとめておきたいものだ。
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年09月02日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Fear of an invisible threat
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:目に見えない敵は怖い？ ／東京
For the first time in 70 years, cases of dengue fever have been confirmed originating within Japan.
７０年ぶりに国内での発症が確認されたデング熱。
There are said to be around 100 million new cases of dengue fever around the world a year, and hundreds of people are believed to bring cases of the diseases into Japan every year after catching it in tropical climates. However, the recent cases that have made the news are said to be the first instances in post-World War II Japan for people who had not traveled abroad.
とはいっても、世界では年間約１億人が発症しており、日本でも熱帯地域などへの海外旅行で感染し、国内で発症する人は毎年数百人はいるのではないかといわれる。今回は渡航歴もないのに発症したのが戦後初めてということなのだ。
People needn't be excessively worried, as dengue fever does not pass directly between people, and most who catch the disease recover from their symptoms in around a week. Mosquitos are believed to be the source of the recent infections, and workers have conducted large-scale spraying with insecticide in Yoyogi Park, where the infected mosquitoes are thought to be. Looking at the imposing footage of these workers doing their job, some people have probably conjured up images of the Ebola pandemic, and become anxious.
しかも、人から人への感染はなく、たいていは１週間ほどで自然治癒するので、必要以上に警戒することはないはずだ。感染源とされる蚊が生息する代々木公園では大規模な殺虫剤散布などが行われたが、そのものものしい映像を見ると世界でのエボラ出血熱の流行を連想してしまい、それだけで不安になる人もいるのではないか。
A big reason why we sometimes become unnecessarily scared by infectious diseases like dengue fever is because we can't see the viruses that are behind them. We can protect ourselves from traffic accidents by looking both ways before we cross the road, but when it comes to viruses and bacteria, it is not so simple. There are probably people who, no matter how much they wash their hands, worry that they still have bacteria or viruses somewhere that they missed.
こういった感染症に対して私たちが時として必要以上の恐怖を感じる大きな理由は、感染をひき起こすウイルスが目に見えないことにある。自動車事故にあわないためには、まわりをよく見て道路を横断するなどの対策が打てるが、相手が細菌やウイルスとなるとそうもいかない。いくら手を洗ってもまだどこかについているのではないか、と心配がつのるばかり、という人もいるだろう。
There are also scam artists who take advantage of people's fear of invisible threats. "Termites are trying to eat away the foundations of your house," they may lie, proceeding to charge a heavy fee for termite extermination. There is also a continuing problem with scam artists who will tell people they are cursed by the ghosts of their ancestors, even if they cannot see them, and sell them various things to "lift the curse."
こういった“目に見えない敵の恐怖”を悪用した詐欺もある。「おたくの家の土台を白アリが食いつくそうとしている」などと事実とは異なることを言っておどし、高い駆除代を取ろうとするニセ業者。「あなたには見えないかもしれないが、先祖の霊がついている」などと告げ、除霊のための品々を買わせる霊感商法もいまだに問題となっている。
The victims of these scams may originally dismiss the scam artists' claims, but since the "threat" is invisible, they start to doubt themselves and then wonder whether even though they can't see anything, maybe the scam artists can. In the end they are tricked into paying extraordinary sums to deal with the imagined threat.
いずれも、そう持ちかけられた人は最初は「そんなバカな」と思っていても、次第に「敵が見えないのだから、ウソとも言えない」と疑い始め、ついには「あの人には見えているのかも」と信じて法外なお金を払って駆除や除霊を頼んでしまうのだ。
Of course, unlike with these scams, dengue fever is a real threat, so we shouldn't treat it in the same way. However, if we become neurotic, we will be scared just by going outdoors, and our health can deteriorate just by thinking we are infected. As for the media, it is important to release correct information, and I would like the media to refrain from posting lots of big pictures of mosquitos, or workers spraying insecticide in the darkness just because they are photos with "impact." Meanwhile, we should all keep in mind that an invisible threat is twice as scary just for being invisible.
もちろん、デング熱はこういったインチキとは異なる実際の病なのだから、安易にいっしょにすることはできない。しかし、あまり神経質になりすぎると、外に出るだけで恐怖を感じたり、「もう感染したのでは」と体調がすぐれなくなったりすることもありうる。報道機関に対しても、正しい知識の伝達は大切だが、「インパクトがあるから」という理由だけで蚊を大写しにした写真や闇の中で駆除作業をする光景の写真を多用するのは控えてほしい、と思う。“敵”が目に見えないものはそれだけで恐怖が倍増する、という原則を、私たちも心にとめておきたいものだ。
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年09月02日 地方版
September 06, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Time still left to review maglev line
社説:リニア建設 本当に進めて大丈夫か
Plans to build a magnetically levitated (maglev) bullet train line that will eventually connect Tokyo and Osaka have moved a step forward with Central Japan Railway Co. (JR Central) applying to the land, infrastructure, transport and tourism minister for permission for construction.
ＪＲ東海が国土交通相に着工の認可を申請したことで、リニア中央新幹線がいよいよ現実味を帯びてきた。
JR Central plans to begin operations on the Maglev Chuo Shinkansen Line between Tokyo's Shinagawa Station and Nagoya in 2027 and extend the line to Shin-Osaka Station by 2045. The line would cut the journey between Tokyo and Osaka down to one hour.
If permitted, the large-scale project will finally get under way 41 years after the central government mapped out its basic plan.
認可が下りれば、国による基本計画決定から４１年を経て、巨大プロジェクトが動き出すことになる。
However, questions remain over whether the project should be given the green light without a review.
だが、本当にこのまま突き進んでよいのか、と改めて問いたい。
JR Central intends to fully foot the costs of the project, which are expected to total approximately 9 trillion yen. Critics have expressed concern as to the profitability of the "super-superexpress" line.
２０２７年の品川−名古屋開業、４５年の品川−新大阪開業を目指すリニア中央新幹線計画は、総事業費が約９兆円に上る異例のスケールだ。ＪＲ東海が全費用をまかなうというが、採算面で大きな不安を抱えたまま、踏み出そうとしている。
If the maglev train line were to threaten the company's management, it would not just be a problem for JR Central alone, but could force the national government to use taxpayers' money to bail out the company, since the project is of a highly public nature.
万一、経営を揺るがす事態になれば、ＪＲ東海だけの問題ではすまなくなるだろう。日本の大動脈を独占的に担う、極めて公共性の高い企業であり、税金を使った救済にも発展しかねない。
Nevertheless, the Diet has failed to hold comprehensive deliberations on the project and there has been no full-scale national debate on the issue. This is the biggest problem. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism should not easily allow the project to go ahead as if it has been decided in advance.
それなのに、国会で包括的な審議がなされることも、国民的議論が盛り上がることもなかった。ここが一番問題だ。国交省は、計画ありき、でゴーサインを出すべきではない。
The maglev train line project aims mainly to make up for a capacity shortage on the Tokaido Shinkansen Line between Tokyo and Shin-Osaka, decrease the traveling time on this section, and secure an alternative route for the Tokaido Shinkansen in case the line is affected by a powerful earthquake.
リニア中央新幹線には、限界に近付いた東海道新幹線の輸送能力を補うことや移動時間の短縮に加え、東海地震に備えた代替ルートの確保、東海道新幹線の老朽化対応という狙いがある。
However, some have expressed doubts and concerns over the project, not only with regard to the line's profitability but also over safety and its impact on the environment.
だが、経済性、環境面、安全性の観点などから、多くの疑問や懸念が指摘されている。
The construction of a tunnel passing through the South Alps is expected to present a challenge, and the entire project could be substantially delayed because of this. JR Central has recently revised upward the estimated costs of the construction on the line between Tokyo and Nagoya by 93.5 billion yen from the figure the company had announced five years ago. Considering uncertain factors such as the work period, the price of construction materials, personnel expenses and interest rates, moreover, there is no guarantee that the costs won't increase any further.
南アルプスを貫くトンネルの工事は特に難航が予想され、大幅な長期化もあり得る。ＪＲ東海は名古屋までの工事について、５年前に発表した事業費を９３５億円上方修正した。しかし、工期、資材価格や人件費、借金の金利など不確実性は多く、大幅な追加もないとはいえない。
The company has admitted that the Maglev Chuo Shinkansen Line project will be unprofitable even if unexpected increases in expenses are disregarded.
想定外の費用増がなくてもこの事業に採算性がないことをＪＲ東海自身が認めている。
"The maglev line alone will never pay," JR Central Chairman Yoshiomi Yamada told a news conference in September last year when he was serving as its president.
昨年９月、山田佳臣社長（当時）は、「リニアだけでは絶対にペイしない（帳尻が合わない）」と記者会見で明言した。
JR Central apparently intends to use profits from the Tokaido Shinkansen Line to make up for deficit generated by the maglev train line, but it remains uncertain whether the company can increase or even maintain the current level of demand as the population is decreasing and aging. It is extremely difficult to predict what Japan will look like 31 years from now, when the construction work on the line to Shin-Osaka Station is expected to be completed.
東海道新幹線のもうけで穴埋めする考えのようだが、人口減少と高齢化が進む中、需要の増加どころか現状維持さえ確かとは言い難い。新大阪までの工事が完了するとされる３１年後の日本の姿を予測することは極めて難しいのである。
There have been numerous examples of large-scale projects in which operational costs snowballed from their initial estimations. For example, the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway has cost 3.8 times its initial estimate. Lessons should be drawn from reckless projects based on overly optimistic forecasts for demand.
巨大プロジェクトの事業費が、当初の想定よりはるかに膨らんだという事例は少なくない。例えば本州四国連絡道路では３．８倍に跳ね上がった。甘い需要見通しで突っ走った過去の失敗に学ぶべきではないか。
If an alternative route is necessary for the Tokaido Shinkansen in case of a Tokai earthquake that could hit the line, it does not have to use a maglev train system, and the Hokuriku Shinkansen Line could be used as an alternative route. The project should be considered as an issue that affects the whole nation. It is not too late to launch in-depth debate now to review the project.
東海地震の際の代替ルートというのであれば、リニアでなくてもよいし、北陸新幹線の活用もあろう。まさに国全体に関わる話として検討すべきテーマである。今から本気で議論をしても、遅すぎない。
毎日新聞 2014年09月06日 02時30分
Editorial: Time still left to review maglev line
社説:リニア建設 本当に進めて大丈夫か
Plans to build a magnetically levitated (maglev) bullet train line that will eventually connect Tokyo and Osaka have moved a step forward with Central Japan Railway Co. (JR Central) applying to the land, infrastructure, transport and tourism minister for permission for construction.
ＪＲ東海が国土交通相に着工の認可を申請したことで、リニア中央新幹線がいよいよ現実味を帯びてきた。
JR Central plans to begin operations on the Maglev Chuo Shinkansen Line between Tokyo's Shinagawa Station and Nagoya in 2027 and extend the line to Shin-Osaka Station by 2045. The line would cut the journey between Tokyo and Osaka down to one hour.
If permitted, the large-scale project will finally get under way 41 years after the central government mapped out its basic plan.
認可が下りれば、国による基本計画決定から４１年を経て、巨大プロジェクトが動き出すことになる。
However, questions remain over whether the project should be given the green light without a review.
だが、本当にこのまま突き進んでよいのか、と改めて問いたい。
JR Central intends to fully foot the costs of the project, which are expected to total approximately 9 trillion yen. Critics have expressed concern as to the profitability of the "super-superexpress" line.
２０２７年の品川−名古屋開業、４５年の品川−新大阪開業を目指すリニア中央新幹線計画は、総事業費が約９兆円に上る異例のスケールだ。ＪＲ東海が全費用をまかなうというが、採算面で大きな不安を抱えたまま、踏み出そうとしている。
If the maglev train line were to threaten the company's management, it would not just be a problem for JR Central alone, but could force the national government to use taxpayers' money to bail out the company, since the project is of a highly public nature.
万一、経営を揺るがす事態になれば、ＪＲ東海だけの問題ではすまなくなるだろう。日本の大動脈を独占的に担う、極めて公共性の高い企業であり、税金を使った救済にも発展しかねない。
Nevertheless, the Diet has failed to hold comprehensive deliberations on the project and there has been no full-scale national debate on the issue. This is the biggest problem. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism should not easily allow the project to go ahead as if it has been decided in advance.
それなのに、国会で包括的な審議がなされることも、国民的議論が盛り上がることもなかった。ここが一番問題だ。国交省は、計画ありき、でゴーサインを出すべきではない。
The maglev train line project aims mainly to make up for a capacity shortage on the Tokaido Shinkansen Line between Tokyo and Shin-Osaka, decrease the traveling time on this section, and secure an alternative route for the Tokaido Shinkansen in case the line is affected by a powerful earthquake.
リニア中央新幹線には、限界に近付いた東海道新幹線の輸送能力を補うことや移動時間の短縮に加え、東海地震に備えた代替ルートの確保、東海道新幹線の老朽化対応という狙いがある。
However, some have expressed doubts and concerns over the project, not only with regard to the line's profitability but also over safety and its impact on the environment.
だが、経済性、環境面、安全性の観点などから、多くの疑問や懸念が指摘されている。
The construction of a tunnel passing through the South Alps is expected to present a challenge, and the entire project could be substantially delayed because of this. JR Central has recently revised upward the estimated costs of the construction on the line between Tokyo and Nagoya by 93.5 billion yen from the figure the company had announced five years ago. Considering uncertain factors such as the work period, the price of construction materials, personnel expenses and interest rates, moreover, there is no guarantee that the costs won't increase any further.
南アルプスを貫くトンネルの工事は特に難航が予想され、大幅な長期化もあり得る。ＪＲ東海は名古屋までの工事について、５年前に発表した事業費を９３５億円上方修正した。しかし、工期、資材価格や人件費、借金の金利など不確実性は多く、大幅な追加もないとはいえない。
The company has admitted that the Maglev Chuo Shinkansen Line project will be unprofitable even if unexpected increases in expenses are disregarded.
想定外の費用増がなくてもこの事業に採算性がないことをＪＲ東海自身が認めている。
"The maglev line alone will never pay," JR Central Chairman Yoshiomi Yamada told a news conference in September last year when he was serving as its president.
昨年９月、山田佳臣社長（当時）は、「リニアだけでは絶対にペイしない（帳尻が合わない）」と記者会見で明言した。
JR Central apparently intends to use profits from the Tokaido Shinkansen Line to make up for deficit generated by the maglev train line, but it remains uncertain whether the company can increase or even maintain the current level of demand as the population is decreasing and aging. It is extremely difficult to predict what Japan will look like 31 years from now, when the construction work on the line to Shin-Osaka Station is expected to be completed.
東海道新幹線のもうけで穴埋めする考えのようだが、人口減少と高齢化が進む中、需要の増加どころか現状維持さえ確かとは言い難い。新大阪までの工事が完了するとされる３１年後の日本の姿を予測することは極めて難しいのである。
There have been numerous examples of large-scale projects in which operational costs snowballed from their initial estimations. For example, the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway has cost 3.8 times its initial estimate. Lessons should be drawn from reckless projects based on overly optimistic forecasts for demand.
巨大プロジェクトの事業費が、当初の想定よりはるかに膨らんだという事例は少なくない。例えば本州四国連絡道路では３．８倍に跳ね上がった。甘い需要見通しで突っ走った過去の失敗に学ぶべきではないか。
If an alternative route is necessary for the Tokaido Shinkansen in case of a Tokai earthquake that could hit the line, it does not have to use a maglev train system, and the Hokuriku Shinkansen Line could be used as an alternative route. The project should be considered as an issue that affects the whole nation. It is not too late to launch in-depth debate now to review the project.
東海地震の際の代替ルートというのであれば、リニアでなくてもよいし、北陸新幹線の活用もあろう。まさに国全体に関わる話として検討すべきテーマである。今から本気で議論をしても、遅すぎない。
毎日新聞 2014年09月06日 02時30分
September 05, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Attacks on guide dogs hurt owners, too
社説:刺された盲導犬 人の心も傷ついた
A guide dog for a blind man living in Saitama was injured in July after being stabbed by an unknown assailant. Guide dogs serve as eyes for the blind and support their owners' daily lives. The heartless attack left the dog's owner fearful of venturing outside, and deserves harsh criticism.
さいたま市の全盲の男性が連れていた盲導犬オスカーが７月下旬、何者かに腰付近を刺されけがをした。盲導犬は、視覚障害者の目の代わりになって生活を支える。男性は「ショックで外に出るのが怖い」と話したという。卑劣と言うほかない。
The perpetrator apparently harbors ill will and hostility toward visually impaired people. The incident has raised concerns that the Saitama case could trigger copycat crimes. The perpetrator in the latest incident not only inflicted deep physical and psychological damage on the guide dog, but also traumatized its owner. Police should thoroughly investigate the case.
視覚障害者に対する悪意や敵意を感じさせる事件だ。模倣犯が出てくるのではと不安も募る。オスカーにとどまらず、全盲の男性の心にも大きな傷を負わせた罪は重い。警察は徹底的に捜査してもらいたい。
It is suspected that the guide dog, named Oscar, was stabbed while he was accompanying the man on his way to work.
男性が仕事に向かう電車内でオスカーは被害に遭ったようだ。先のとがったもので刺されたとみられる。
Guide dogs and their owners share a close bond. They undergo training that lasts for nearly a year, and become partners for visually impaired people after going through a training camp with the owner over a period of about one month. Such guide dogs dedicate themselves to supporting their owners while the owners are legally required to look after the dogs in their daily lives in all aspects, including sanitation.
盲導犬と障害者の関係は濃密だ。１年近い訓練を経た盲導犬は、最後に障害者と約１カ月間の合宿生活を経てパートナーになる。盲導犬が献身する一方で、障害者側は衛生面を含めた日常の世話を尽くす義務を法的に負う。深い信頼関係で結ばれ、生活を共におくる。
Dogs that can enjoy living with people and gently react to people are selected as candidates to become guide dogs. They are trained not to bark unless their owners are in danger. Oscar did not bark even when he was stabbed.
人間との生活を楽しみ、穏やかに反応する犬が盲導犬に選ばれる。主人に危険が及んだ時以外はむやみにほえない。オスカーも刺された時にほえなかった。
Since the incident was reported by media outlets, misunderstanding has spread that guide dogs are trained to endure any pain. Some visually impaired people have received complaints from people with unimpaired eyesight that guide dogs are being suppressed. Such a lack of understanding deeply hurts the disabled and is intolerable.
そのため、事件の報道後、「盲導犬は痛みをがまんする訓練を受けている」との誤解が広まった。「盲導犬は抑圧されてかわいそう」といった、矛先を障害者に向けるかのような言葉を投げかけられた人もいる。看過できないことだ。こうした無理解が障害者を深く傷つける。
There are also many cases in which people attempt to hit guide dogs or deliberately step on their tails.
また傷害に至らなくても、盲導犬をたたこうとしたり、しっぽを踏んだりの嫌がらせは多くあるという。
The Act on Assistance Dogs for Physically Disabled Persons provides stipulations on guide dogs, hearing dogs, and service dogs, which help people with disabilities in their limbs. Enacted in 2002, the law stipulates that public facilities and public transportation systems as well as private facilities such as restaurants used by members of the general public are in principle forbidden from denying entry to people with such assistance dogs. Nevertheless, there are numerous incidents in which disabled people with assistance dogs are denied entry into such facilities.
盲導犬のほか、肢体の不自由な人を助ける介助犬、さらに聴導犬について定めた身体障害者補助犬法が２００２年に成立した。
公共施設や交通機関、民間でも不特定多数の人が利用する施設は、原則として補助犬を伴った入店を拒んではならないと規定する。だが、入店拒否がいまだ後を絶たない。
In some cases, managers of restaurants and medical institutions cite sanitation as a reason for not allowing assistance dogs to accompany their owners into their facilities. However, assistance dogs have been trained to excrete strictly in designated locations and are kept clean on the responsibility of their owners.
飲食店や医療機関などが衛生面などを理由に拒むことも多い。だが、補助犬は決まった場所でしか排せつしないようしつけられ、障害者の責任で清潔に保たれる。
It bears mentioning that the law requires facility managers to accept assistance dogs. Denying assistance dogs entry is tantamount to refusing to admit the disabled people they are accompanying.
そうした前提で、法が同伴の受け入れを義務付けていることを理解したい。補助犬を拒むことは、その隣にいる障害者を拒むことと同じなのだ。
The motives behind the cruel attack on the guide dog in Saitama remain unclear. Still, the incident reminds members of the public that general understanding of disabled people and assistance dogs is far from sufficient.
残忍な事件の動機は不明だが、障害者や補助犬への社会の理解がまだまだ足りない。事件をきっかけに、そんなことを考えさせられる。
Since the incident, however, organizations that train guide dogs and others supporting handicapped people have received messages from numerous citizens saying they want to help ensure the safety of guide dogs. Such voices will certainly lead to public understanding of disabled people and assistance dogs.
ただし、盲導犬の育成団体などには事件後、「市民の一員として盲導犬の安全を見守りたい」との声が多く寄せられたという。そうした声が社会の力となることを信じたい。
毎日新聞 2014年09月05日 02時40分
Editorial: Attacks on guide dogs hurt owners, too
社説:刺された盲導犬 人の心も傷ついた
A guide dog for a blind man living in Saitama was injured in July after being stabbed by an unknown assailant. Guide dogs serve as eyes for the blind and support their owners' daily lives. The heartless attack left the dog's owner fearful of venturing outside, and deserves harsh criticism.
さいたま市の全盲の男性が連れていた盲導犬オスカーが７月下旬、何者かに腰付近を刺されけがをした。盲導犬は、視覚障害者の目の代わりになって生活を支える。男性は「ショックで外に出るのが怖い」と話したという。卑劣と言うほかない。
The perpetrator apparently harbors ill will and hostility toward visually impaired people. The incident has raised concerns that the Saitama case could trigger copycat crimes. The perpetrator in the latest incident not only inflicted deep physical and psychological damage on the guide dog, but also traumatized its owner. Police should thoroughly investigate the case.
視覚障害者に対する悪意や敵意を感じさせる事件だ。模倣犯が出てくるのではと不安も募る。オスカーにとどまらず、全盲の男性の心にも大きな傷を負わせた罪は重い。警察は徹底的に捜査してもらいたい。
It is suspected that the guide dog, named Oscar, was stabbed while he was accompanying the man on his way to work.
男性が仕事に向かう電車内でオスカーは被害に遭ったようだ。先のとがったもので刺されたとみられる。
Guide dogs and their owners share a close bond. They undergo training that lasts for nearly a year, and become partners for visually impaired people after going through a training camp with the owner over a period of about one month. Such guide dogs dedicate themselves to supporting their owners while the owners are legally required to look after the dogs in their daily lives in all aspects, including sanitation.
盲導犬と障害者の関係は濃密だ。１年近い訓練を経た盲導犬は、最後に障害者と約１カ月間の合宿生活を経てパートナーになる。盲導犬が献身する一方で、障害者側は衛生面を含めた日常の世話を尽くす義務を法的に負う。深い信頼関係で結ばれ、生活を共におくる。
Dogs that can enjoy living with people and gently react to people are selected as candidates to become guide dogs. They are trained not to bark unless their owners are in danger. Oscar did not bark even when he was stabbed.
人間との生活を楽しみ、穏やかに反応する犬が盲導犬に選ばれる。主人に危険が及んだ時以外はむやみにほえない。オスカーも刺された時にほえなかった。
Since the incident was reported by media outlets, misunderstanding has spread that guide dogs are trained to endure any pain. Some visually impaired people have received complaints from people with unimpaired eyesight that guide dogs are being suppressed. Such a lack of understanding deeply hurts the disabled and is intolerable.
そのため、事件の報道後、「盲導犬は痛みをがまんする訓練を受けている」との誤解が広まった。「盲導犬は抑圧されてかわいそう」といった、矛先を障害者に向けるかのような言葉を投げかけられた人もいる。看過できないことだ。こうした無理解が障害者を深く傷つける。
There are also many cases in which people attempt to hit guide dogs or deliberately step on their tails.
また傷害に至らなくても、盲導犬をたたこうとしたり、しっぽを踏んだりの嫌がらせは多くあるという。
The Act on Assistance Dogs for Physically Disabled Persons provides stipulations on guide dogs, hearing dogs, and service dogs, which help people with disabilities in their limbs. Enacted in 2002, the law stipulates that public facilities and public transportation systems as well as private facilities such as restaurants used by members of the general public are in principle forbidden from denying entry to people with such assistance dogs. Nevertheless, there are numerous incidents in which disabled people with assistance dogs are denied entry into such facilities.
盲導犬のほか、肢体の不自由な人を助ける介助犬、さらに聴導犬について定めた身体障害者補助犬法が２００２年に成立した。
公共施設や交通機関、民間でも不特定多数の人が利用する施設は、原則として補助犬を伴った入店を拒んではならないと規定する。だが、入店拒否がいまだ後を絶たない。
In some cases, managers of restaurants and medical institutions cite sanitation as a reason for not allowing assistance dogs to accompany their owners into their facilities. However, assistance dogs have been trained to excrete strictly in designated locations and are kept clean on the responsibility of their owners.
飲食店や医療機関などが衛生面などを理由に拒むことも多い。だが、補助犬は決まった場所でしか排せつしないようしつけられ、障害者の責任で清潔に保たれる。
It bears mentioning that the law requires facility managers to accept assistance dogs. Denying assistance dogs entry is tantamount to refusing to admit the disabled people they are accompanying.
そうした前提で、法が同伴の受け入れを義務付けていることを理解したい。補助犬を拒むことは、その隣にいる障害者を拒むことと同じなのだ。
The motives behind the cruel attack on the guide dog in Saitama remain unclear. Still, the incident reminds members of the public that general understanding of disabled people and assistance dogs is far from sufficient.
残忍な事件の動機は不明だが、障害者や補助犬への社会の理解がまだまだ足りない。事件をきっかけに、そんなことを考えさせられる。
Since the incident, however, organizations that train guide dogs and others supporting handicapped people have received messages from numerous citizens saying they want to help ensure the safety of guide dogs. Such voices will certainly lead to public understanding of disabled people and assistance dogs.
ただし、盲導犬の育成団体などには事件後、「市民の一員として盲導犬の安全を見守りたい」との声が多く寄せられたという。そうした声が社会の力となることを信じたい。
毎日新聞 2014年09月05日 02時40分
September 02, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Discrimination should never be tolerated
社説:ヘイトスピーチ 差別許さない社会へ
Japan's response to racist hate speech demonstrations that are being staged across the country has been called into question. Until recently, hate speech campaigns were repeatedly conducted in urban areas where the population of ethnic Korean residents is concentrated, but they are now spreading to other areas.
特定の人種への民族差別をあおるヘイトスピーチ（憎悪表現）への対応が今、問われている。ヘイトスピーチによる街宣活動は、在日韓国・朝鮮人が多く住む地域で繰り返されてきたが、最近は地方に広がる。
A Mainichi Shimbun survey on the nation's 47 prefectural governments and 20 ordinance-designated major cities has shown that some 90 percent of these local bodies view such campaigns as a problem. One of the respondents criticized hate speech as "a shameful act," while another replied that hate speech is "unforgivable as it fosters a sense of discrimination."
毎日新聞が４７都道府県と２０政令市にアンケートを実施したところ、約９割が「恥ずべき行為」「差別意識を助長させ許されない」などと問題視した。
In a nationwide opinion poll that the Mainichi Shimbun conducted last month, nearly 70 percent of respondents expressed displeasure at such campaigns.
また、毎日新聞が先月実施した世論調査で「ヘイトスピーチをどう感じますか」と聞いたところ、７割近くが「不快だ」と回答した。
The U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination urged Japan on Aug. 29 to respond to hate speech in an appropriate manner. The government must implement appropriate countermeasures against such campaigns while sincerely listening to these opinions expressed in Japan and abroad.
先月２９日には国連の人種差別撤廃委員会が日本政府に対し、適切に対処するよう勧告した。国内外の声に真摯（しんし）に耳を傾け、政府は適切な対策を講じなければならない。
Hate speech constitutes slander and insult against different races and ethnic groups. It is intolerable to launch such mass campaigns on roads and other places open to the public in which participants repeatedly chant such violent words as "We'll kill you," or "Get out of Japan." Those who were targeted by such campaigns certainly feel intimidated. It is impossible to defend hate speech demonstrations by citing the freedom of expression, which is a fundamental human right.
ヘイトスピーチは、人種や民族の異なる人たちに対する中傷であり、侮辱だ。「殺すぞ」「出て行け」といった乱暴な言葉をまじえた主張を集団で公道などで繰り返す行為は決して許されない。対象とされた人たちは恐怖も感じる。「表現の自由」という国民の基本的人権を持ち出して擁護することはできない。
Japan has no legislation that specifically bans hate speech. Such being the case, attention is now focused on whether such a law is necessary. Calm debate is necessary on how to rid Japanese society of discriminatory speech.
ヘイトスピーチを直接罰する法制は日本にない。このため、法規制の必要性が今焦点になっている。差別的な言論をどうすれば社会から締め出せるか。冷静な議論が必要だ。
Priority should be placed on efforts to pursue both the criminal and civil responsibility of those who organized or are involved in hate speech within the current legal framework. Many members of organizations that stage hate speech marches were involved in violent behavior during past demonstrations. As such, it goes without saying that police officers must strictly crack down on them for illegal activities.
現行法の枠組みの中、まず刑事、民事両面で責任追及を強めるべきだ。ヘイトスピーチを行う団体のメンバーは、デモをめぐり過去に暴力的なトラブルも起こした。警察が厳しく取り締まるのは当然だ。
In October 2013, the Kyoto District Court ordered an organization that staged hate speech demonstrations near a pro-Pyongyang Korean school in the ancient capital to pay the school 12 million yen in damages and banned the group from launching such activities near the school. The court calculated the amount of compensation at higher levels than usual based on provisions in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, to which Japan is a party. The Osaka High Court upheld the ruling in July this year. Courts should make judicial judgment in tune with the common thinking of the international community.
京都地裁は昨年１０月、朝鮮学校を運営する学校法人が起こした訴訟で、約１２００万円の賠償と学校周辺の街宣禁止をヘイトスピーチを行う団体に命じた。日本も加入する人種差別撤廃条約の規定を根拠に、賠償を高額に算定。この結論は７月に大阪高裁も支持した。国際常識を見据えた司法判断が今後も必要だ。
Politicians are beginning to take action to eliminate hate speech. A project team on the issue within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) held its first meeting on countermeasures against hate speech. Some members pointed to the need to consider regulating loud demonstrations around the Diet Building, apparently with anti-nuclear power and other campaigns in mind. However, such an argument that treats hate speech the same as citizens' movements is out of the question. Such regulations could infringe on the freedom of expression. Politicians should seriously deal with discrimination that threatens individuals' dignity.
政治も動き始めた。自民党のプロジェクトチームは先日、ヘイトスピーチ対策の初会合を開いた。その中で、国会周辺の大音量デモの規制も併せて検討せよとの意見が出た。脱原発などを訴える活動を念頭に置いた発言とみられるが、両者を同列視するかのような議論は論外だ。これこそ、「表現の自由」を侵害しかねない。政治家は、個人の尊厳を脅かす差別にこそ真剣に向き合うべきだ。
Japan has historically maintained relations with China and South Korea. It is necessary for each and every member of the public to squarely face up to the sense of discrimination that persists within their own society. Apparently behind the recent prevalence of hate speech are Tokyo's chilled relations with Beijing and Seoul. It is essential for Japan to improve its strained ties with these two countries and overcome differences through education and awareness-raising campaigns and create a society that never tolerates discrimination.
中韓両国とは長い歴史がある。国民一人一人が、内なる差別意識と向き合うことも必要だ。両国との関係が冷え込んでいることもヘイトスピーチの背景にあるのではないか。関係を改善し、教育や啓発によって立場の違いを乗り越え、差別を許さない社会を築くことが大切だ。
毎日新聞 2014年09月02日 02時31分
Editorial: Discrimination should never be tolerated
社説:ヘイトスピーチ 差別許さない社会へ
Japan's response to racist hate speech demonstrations that are being staged across the country has been called into question. Until recently, hate speech campaigns were repeatedly conducted in urban areas where the population of ethnic Korean residents is concentrated, but they are now spreading to other areas.
特定の人種への民族差別をあおるヘイトスピーチ（憎悪表現）への対応が今、問われている。ヘイトスピーチによる街宣活動は、在日韓国・朝鮮人が多く住む地域で繰り返されてきたが、最近は地方に広がる。
A Mainichi Shimbun survey on the nation's 47 prefectural governments and 20 ordinance-designated major cities has shown that some 90 percent of these local bodies view such campaigns as a problem. One of the respondents criticized hate speech as "a shameful act," while another replied that hate speech is "unforgivable as it fosters a sense of discrimination."
毎日新聞が４７都道府県と２０政令市にアンケートを実施したところ、約９割が「恥ずべき行為」「差別意識を助長させ許されない」などと問題視した。
In a nationwide opinion poll that the Mainichi Shimbun conducted last month, nearly 70 percent of respondents expressed displeasure at such campaigns.
また、毎日新聞が先月実施した世論調査で「ヘイトスピーチをどう感じますか」と聞いたところ、７割近くが「不快だ」と回答した。
The U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination urged Japan on Aug. 29 to respond to hate speech in an appropriate manner. The government must implement appropriate countermeasures against such campaigns while sincerely listening to these opinions expressed in Japan and abroad.
先月２９日には国連の人種差別撤廃委員会が日本政府に対し、適切に対処するよう勧告した。国内外の声に真摯（しんし）に耳を傾け、政府は適切な対策を講じなければならない。
Hate speech constitutes slander and insult against different races and ethnic groups. It is intolerable to launch such mass campaigns on roads and other places open to the public in which participants repeatedly chant such violent words as "We'll kill you," or "Get out of Japan." Those who were targeted by such campaigns certainly feel intimidated. It is impossible to defend hate speech demonstrations by citing the freedom of expression, which is a fundamental human right.
ヘイトスピーチは、人種や民族の異なる人たちに対する中傷であり、侮辱だ。「殺すぞ」「出て行け」といった乱暴な言葉をまじえた主張を集団で公道などで繰り返す行為は決して許されない。対象とされた人たちは恐怖も感じる。「表現の自由」という国民の基本的人権を持ち出して擁護することはできない。
Japan has no legislation that specifically bans hate speech. Such being the case, attention is now focused on whether such a law is necessary. Calm debate is necessary on how to rid Japanese society of discriminatory speech.
ヘイトスピーチを直接罰する法制は日本にない。このため、法規制の必要性が今焦点になっている。差別的な言論をどうすれば社会から締め出せるか。冷静な議論が必要だ。
Priority should be placed on efforts to pursue both the criminal and civil responsibility of those who organized or are involved in hate speech within the current legal framework. Many members of organizations that stage hate speech marches were involved in violent behavior during past demonstrations. As such, it goes without saying that police officers must strictly crack down on them for illegal activities.
現行法の枠組みの中、まず刑事、民事両面で責任追及を強めるべきだ。ヘイトスピーチを行う団体のメンバーは、デモをめぐり過去に暴力的なトラブルも起こした。警察が厳しく取り締まるのは当然だ。
In October 2013, the Kyoto District Court ordered an organization that staged hate speech demonstrations near a pro-Pyongyang Korean school in the ancient capital to pay the school 12 million yen in damages and banned the group from launching such activities near the school. The court calculated the amount of compensation at higher levels than usual based on provisions in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, to which Japan is a party. The Osaka High Court upheld the ruling in July this year. Courts should make judicial judgment in tune with the common thinking of the international community.
京都地裁は昨年１０月、朝鮮学校を運営する学校法人が起こした訴訟で、約１２００万円の賠償と学校周辺の街宣禁止をヘイトスピーチを行う団体に命じた。日本も加入する人種差別撤廃条約の規定を根拠に、賠償を高額に算定。この結論は７月に大阪高裁も支持した。国際常識を見据えた司法判断が今後も必要だ。
Politicians are beginning to take action to eliminate hate speech. A project team on the issue within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) held its first meeting on countermeasures against hate speech. Some members pointed to the need to consider regulating loud demonstrations around the Diet Building, apparently with anti-nuclear power and other campaigns in mind. However, such an argument that treats hate speech the same as citizens' movements is out of the question. Such regulations could infringe on the freedom of expression. Politicians should seriously deal with discrimination that threatens individuals' dignity.
政治も動き始めた。自民党のプロジェクトチームは先日、ヘイトスピーチ対策の初会合を開いた。その中で、国会周辺の大音量デモの規制も併せて検討せよとの意見が出た。脱原発などを訴える活動を念頭に置いた発言とみられるが、両者を同列視するかのような議論は論外だ。これこそ、「表現の自由」を侵害しかねない。政治家は、個人の尊厳を脅かす差別にこそ真剣に向き合うべきだ。
Japan has historically maintained relations with China and South Korea. It is necessary for each and every member of the public to squarely face up to the sense of discrimination that persists within their own society. Apparently behind the recent prevalence of hate speech are Tokyo's chilled relations with Beijing and Seoul. It is essential for Japan to improve its strained ties with these two countries and overcome differences through education and awareness-raising campaigns and create a society that never tolerates discrimination.
中韓両国とは長い歴史がある。国民一人一人が、内なる差別意識と向き合うことも必要だ。両国との関係が冷え込んでいることもヘイトスピーチの背景にあるのではないか。関係を改善し、教育や啓発によって立場の違いを乗り越え、差別を許さない社会を築くことが大切だ。
毎日新聞 2014年09月02日 02時31分
September 01, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: National Disaster Prevention Day a reminder to be prepared
社説:防災の日 身を守る力を備えよう
Work is still under way to search for those missing after being hit by a series of mudslides in Hiroshima and to help the city recover from the disaster.
広島市の大規模土砂災害は、今も懸命の捜索・復旧活動が続く。
Numerous questions have been raised over the huge damage caused by the tragedy, such as why the lives of more than 70 people were lost, why the local authorities were slow to issue an evacuation advisory and why little progress had been made before the disaster in designating vulnerable areas as caution zones under the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas.
なぜ７０人を超える命が失われたのか。行政側の避難勧告の遅れや、土砂災害防止法に基づく警戒区域の指定が後手に回ったことなど、被害が拡大した要因が徐々に明らかになりつつある。
It is indispensable for both the national and local governments to assess their responses to the disaster in detail.
行政の対応のきめ細かな検証が今後、不可欠だ。
There are people who were killed by the disaster and those who survived even though they were in the same areas. It is also important to analyze the behavior of the disaster victims and survivors to ascertain the difference between life and death.
一方、同じ現場にいながら助かった人と犠牲になった人がいる。生死を分けた要因は何か。被災者の行動を分析することも重要だ。
Sept. 1 has been designated by the central government as National Disaster Prevention Day. We must learn lessons from the Hiroshima mudslides and put them to good use as countermeasures against future disasters.
きょうは「防災の日」だ。広島の災害から教訓をくみ取り、今後の防災対策に生かさねばならない。
◇宅地開発規制の議論を
Apart from mudslides there have been other serious water-related disasters such as floods and rivers overflowing in recent years. It is still fresh in people's memory that a powerful typhoon brought record rain to Izu Oshima Island south of Tokyo in October 2013, triggering large-scale mudslides and leaving 39 people dead or missing. Torrential rain that hit the Kii Peninsula in September 2011 -- half a year after the Great East Japan Earthquake -- also killed nearly 100 people.
土砂災害に限らず、浸水害や河川の氾濫を含めた水害が近年、猛威を振るう。昨年１０月、台風２６号により東京都大島町で記録的な大雨が降り、土石流による死者・行方不明者が３９人に上ったのは記憶に新しい。東日本大震災が起きた２０１１年９月の紀伊半島豪雨の犠牲者も１００人近くに上った。
The annual amount of rainfall throughout the Japanese archipelago, situated in a rainy region, surpasses 1,700 millimeters on average, nearly twice the world average. Moreover, rainfall is concentrated in the rainy season from June to mid-July and in periods when the archipelago is hit frequently by typhoons.
多雨地帯に位置する日本の年平均降水量は１７００ミリを超え、世界平均の約２倍に上る。梅雨や台風の時期に雨が集中するのも特徴だ。
Rain not only brings essential water but also causes disasters. In recent years, localized torrential rain often dubbed as "guerrilla downpours," and large typhoons have hit Japan. Many areas in the rest of the world have been hit by floods triggered by large-scale hurricanes. Some experts have warned that the number of floods will increase because of the effects of global warming. It should be kept in mind that people across the world face growing risks of floods.
雨は恵みをもたらすが、災害も引き起こす。しかも近年、ゲリラ豪雨と呼ばれる局地的な大雨や台風の大型化が目立つ。世界的にも大型ハリケーンなどによる水害が多発している。地球温暖化で洪水が今後増加するとの指摘もある。水害の危険はますます高まるとみるべきだ。
In implementing countermeasures against floods, particular attention should be focused on efforts to deal with urbanization, or population concentration in small areas.
水害対策に当たってまず念頭に置くべきは、狭い地域に人口が密集する都市化への対応だ。
The Hiroshima mudslides are the consequence of a housing development that began in the central part of the city reaching areas just at the foot of a mountainous region. Housing developments have been conducted in a similar way in numerous areas throughout the archipelago. In Tokyo and ordinance-designated major cities alone, there are 28,000 areas prone to mudslides.
広島の土砂災害は、都市部の宅地開発が山の近くにまで広がった結果として起きた。同じように宅地開発を進めた地域は全国いたるところにある。政令市と東京都だけで、土砂災害の恐れのある危険箇所は２万８０００カ所を超える。
On the other hand, little progress has been made in efforts to restrict housing developments in such disaster-prone areas. There is a wide gap between areas in the degree of progress in designating areas prone to mudslides as caution zones. Little progress in such efforts has been made in not only Hiroshima but also other urban cities such as Sapporo, Sendai and Nagoya. Keiji Furuya, state minister for disaster prevention, has suggested that the government intends to seek revisions to the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas to make it easier for prefectural governors to designate disaster-prone areas as caution zones at their own discretion.
一方で、危険な場所での宅地開発規制は、なかなか進まない。土砂災害警戒区域の指定は政令市によって差があり、広島市以外も札幌、仙台、名古屋各市の低さが目立つ。古屋圭司防災担当相は、都道府県知事が区域指定をしやすくなるよう土砂災害防止法を改正する意向を示した。
However, making it easier to make such designations alone is insufficient. The Diet should hold in-depth debate on how to prevent people from moving into mudslide-prone areas and whether to consider relocating those living in areas vulnerable to such disasters, among other points of contention.
指定をしやすくするだけでは十分でない。危険な場所に新たに人が移り住まないようにする手立てはどうするのか。真に危険な場所からは、住居の移転も検討すべきではないのか。さまざまな論点について、国会で議論を尽くしてほしい。
About 70 percent of the Japanese archipelago consists of mountains, while the remainder is hills and low-lying areas. About half of Japan's total population is concentrated in urban areas and other regions that face high risks of floods.
日本の国土の約７割は山地で、残りが台地や低地だ。都市部を中心に洪水の可能性がある場所に人口の５０％が集中している。
In 2010, a panel of experts on countermeasures against large-scale floods within the government's Central Disaster Management Council released a report under the radical title, "Floods in the metropolitan area -- measures that should be taken to lessen damage."
中央防災会議の「大規模水害対策に関する専門調査会」が１０年、報告書を公表した。副題は「首都圏水没〜被害軽減のために取るべき対策とは〜」と刺激的である。
In the worst-case scenario incorporated in the report, up to 6,300 people would die if the Tone River were to overflow and up to 3,500 people would lose their lives if the Arakawa River were to flood. In case a massive amount of water flows into underground spaces such as subway tunnels, the scale of floods would rapidly expand. Such floods would deal a serious blow to politics and the economy, just like a powerful earthquake occurring right below the Tokyo metropolitan area.
大雨によって利根川が氾濫した場合、最悪で６３００人、荒川で３５００人の死者が出る想定だ。地下鉄など地下に張り巡らされた空間に水が流れ込めば、短時間で浸水が拡大する。首都直下地震が襲った時と同様、政治や経済への影響も甚大だ。
The Kansai and Nagoya regions face high risks of floods as their population is concentrated in areas at ground level and many typhoons pass these regions.
首都圏に限らない。関西や名古屋地区も海抜ゼロメートル地帯に人口が集中し、台風の通り道でもあるため、極めて水害の危険が高い。
◇都市の水害危機は深刻
It goes without saying that it is important to step up flood-control measures, but the central and local governments must work closely to utilize land with the risk of floods in mind and consider how to reside in areas vulnerable to floods.
治水対策の強化はもちろんだが、水害を想定した土地利用、さらには住まい方の工夫を政府、自治体一丸となって進めなければならない。
Although the accuracy of meteorological observations has been improving, it is still difficult to precisely and quickly predict localized torrential rain that lasts for only a short period of time. Such being the case, local government responses, such as issuing evacuation advisories, are called into question whenever a serious disaster occurs.
気象観測の精度は上がっているが、局地的な短時間の大雨を的確かつタイムリーに予測するのは難しい。住民に避難を呼びかける行政対応が災害のたびに問題化する。
The Hiroshima Municipal Government has admitted that it was slow to issue an evacuation advisory at the time of the mudslides. The Cabinet Office has set guidelines that require local bodies to promptly issue evacuation advisories or orders without fear of being criticized for overreacting to disasters. However, many residents choose to stay home despite evacuation advisories and officials at local governments appear to often hesitate to issue such recommendations.
広島の土砂災害でも、広島市が避難勧告の遅れを認めた。内閣府が、「空振り」を恐れずに勧告を出すよう指針を示したが、勧告を出しても住民が避難しない場合が多く、現場の判断も迷うことが多いようだ。
Regardless, local governments must not hesitate to call on residents to flee their homes if there is imminent danger. Therefore, the national and local governments should clarify the criteria for issuing such advisories by learning lessons from past disasters and by improving their practical measures to respond to disasters.
それでも危険が迫れば、ためらわず避難を呼びかけるのが大前提だ。数々の災害の教訓を生かした発令基準の明確化など、行政は防災実務の一層の改善に取り組むべきだ。
At the same time, citizens should raise their awareness of the need to be prepared for serious natural disasters. In a column he wrote for the Japan Meteorological Agency's annual report for fiscal 2012, Gunma University professor Toshitaka Katada pointed out that citizens have failed to take proactive action to fully utilize information on natural disasters to protect their own lives.
"It is not necessarily true that improvement in the accuracy of disaster information directly leads to the enhancement of disaster countermeasures," he wrote.
同時に住民の意識改革もまた必要である。群馬大学大学院の片田敏孝教授は、気象庁が刊行する「気象業務はいま」（１２年版）のコラムで「災害情報の高度化が防災の向上に直結するのかと言えば必ずしもそうではない」と述べ、住民が災害情報を生かさず、自分の命を守ることへの主体性が欠落していると指摘した。
The phrase "normalcy bias" refers to the psychological tendency to underestimate the imminent danger people face even if they obtain information on the danger they actually face. Experts have pointed out that victims of tsunami triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake showed this mental state.
「正常化の偏見」という言葉がある。危険が迫っていることを知らせる情報を得ても、自分の身にそんな事態が差し迫っていると考えない心理傾向を指す。東日本大震災の津波被害でも報告された。
Instead of simply relying on government organizations, all citizens should have enough knowledge of the areas they live in, and choose a location where they would take shelter or a location within their home where they would seek cover in case of a serious disaster.
行政頼りでなく住んでいる地域を自ら知り、避難場所や屋内の逃げ場所を決めておきたい。
If they face an imminent disaster, people should proactively gather information to pay close attention to any warning signs.
いざ災害の可能性が現実化した場合は、情報を収集し、災害の前兆にも気を配る必要がある。
People have nobody but themselves to rely on to protect their own lives.
命を守る最後のとりでは自分自身だ。
Of course, regional communities as a whole must help the elderly and other residents who are vulnerable to disasters. もちろん、高齢者など災害弱者は、地域全体で助けねばならない。
With this fully in mind, all citizens should enhance their preparedness for powerful earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters.
そうした姿勢で、地震や津波、火山の噴火などあらゆる自然災害への防災力を高めよう。
毎日新聞 2014年09月01日 02時30分
Editorial: National Disaster Prevention Day a reminder to be prepared
社説:防災の日 身を守る力を備えよう
Work is still under way to search for those missing after being hit by a series of mudslides in Hiroshima and to help the city recover from the disaster.
広島市の大規模土砂災害は、今も懸命の捜索・復旧活動が続く。
Numerous questions have been raised over the huge damage caused by the tragedy, such as why the lives of more than 70 people were lost, why the local authorities were slow to issue an evacuation advisory and why little progress had been made before the disaster in designating vulnerable areas as caution zones under the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas.
なぜ７０人を超える命が失われたのか。行政側の避難勧告の遅れや、土砂災害防止法に基づく警戒区域の指定が後手に回ったことなど、被害が拡大した要因が徐々に明らかになりつつある。
It is indispensable for both the national and local governments to assess their responses to the disaster in detail.
行政の対応のきめ細かな検証が今後、不可欠だ。
There are people who were killed by the disaster and those who survived even though they were in the same areas. It is also important to analyze the behavior of the disaster victims and survivors to ascertain the difference between life and death.
一方、同じ現場にいながら助かった人と犠牲になった人がいる。生死を分けた要因は何か。被災者の行動を分析することも重要だ。
Sept. 1 has been designated by the central government as National Disaster Prevention Day. We must learn lessons from the Hiroshima mudslides and put them to good use as countermeasures against future disasters.
きょうは「防災の日」だ。広島の災害から教訓をくみ取り、今後の防災対策に生かさねばならない。
◇宅地開発規制の議論を
Apart from mudslides there have been other serious water-related disasters such as floods and rivers overflowing in recent years. It is still fresh in people's memory that a powerful typhoon brought record rain to Izu Oshima Island south of Tokyo in October 2013, triggering large-scale mudslides and leaving 39 people dead or missing. Torrential rain that hit the Kii Peninsula in September 2011 -- half a year after the Great East Japan Earthquake -- also killed nearly 100 people.
土砂災害に限らず、浸水害や河川の氾濫を含めた水害が近年、猛威を振るう。昨年１０月、台風２６号により東京都大島町で記録的な大雨が降り、土石流による死者・行方不明者が３９人に上ったのは記憶に新しい。東日本大震災が起きた２０１１年９月の紀伊半島豪雨の犠牲者も１００人近くに上った。
The annual amount of rainfall throughout the Japanese archipelago, situated in a rainy region, surpasses 1,700 millimeters on average, nearly twice the world average. Moreover, rainfall is concentrated in the rainy season from June to mid-July and in periods when the archipelago is hit frequently by typhoons.
多雨地帯に位置する日本の年平均降水量は１７００ミリを超え、世界平均の約２倍に上る。梅雨や台風の時期に雨が集中するのも特徴だ。
Rain not only brings essential water but also causes disasters. In recent years, localized torrential rain often dubbed as "guerrilla downpours," and large typhoons have hit Japan. Many areas in the rest of the world have been hit by floods triggered by large-scale hurricanes. Some experts have warned that the number of floods will increase because of the effects of global warming. It should be kept in mind that people across the world face growing risks of floods.
雨は恵みをもたらすが、災害も引き起こす。しかも近年、ゲリラ豪雨と呼ばれる局地的な大雨や台風の大型化が目立つ。世界的にも大型ハリケーンなどによる水害が多発している。地球温暖化で洪水が今後増加するとの指摘もある。水害の危険はますます高まるとみるべきだ。
In implementing countermeasures against floods, particular attention should be focused on efforts to deal with urbanization, or population concentration in small areas.
水害対策に当たってまず念頭に置くべきは、狭い地域に人口が密集する都市化への対応だ。
The Hiroshima mudslides are the consequence of a housing development that began in the central part of the city reaching areas just at the foot of a mountainous region. Housing developments have been conducted in a similar way in numerous areas throughout the archipelago. In Tokyo and ordinance-designated major cities alone, there are 28,000 areas prone to mudslides.
広島の土砂災害は、都市部の宅地開発が山の近くにまで広がった結果として起きた。同じように宅地開発を進めた地域は全国いたるところにある。政令市と東京都だけで、土砂災害の恐れのある危険箇所は２万８０００カ所を超える。
On the other hand, little progress has been made in efforts to restrict housing developments in such disaster-prone areas. There is a wide gap between areas in the degree of progress in designating areas prone to mudslides as caution zones. Little progress in such efforts has been made in not only Hiroshima but also other urban cities such as Sapporo, Sendai and Nagoya. Keiji Furuya, state minister for disaster prevention, has suggested that the government intends to seek revisions to the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas to make it easier for prefectural governors to designate disaster-prone areas as caution zones at their own discretion.
一方で、危険な場所での宅地開発規制は、なかなか進まない。土砂災害警戒区域の指定は政令市によって差があり、広島市以外も札幌、仙台、名古屋各市の低さが目立つ。古屋圭司防災担当相は、都道府県知事が区域指定をしやすくなるよう土砂災害防止法を改正する意向を示した。
However, making it easier to make such designations alone is insufficient. The Diet should hold in-depth debate on how to prevent people from moving into mudslide-prone areas and whether to consider relocating those living in areas vulnerable to such disasters, among other points of contention.
指定をしやすくするだけでは十分でない。危険な場所に新たに人が移り住まないようにする手立てはどうするのか。真に危険な場所からは、住居の移転も検討すべきではないのか。さまざまな論点について、国会で議論を尽くしてほしい。
About 70 percent of the Japanese archipelago consists of mountains, while the remainder is hills and low-lying areas. About half of Japan's total population is concentrated in urban areas and other regions that face high risks of floods.
日本の国土の約７割は山地で、残りが台地や低地だ。都市部を中心に洪水の可能性がある場所に人口の５０％が集中している。
In 2010, a panel of experts on countermeasures against large-scale floods within the government's Central Disaster Management Council released a report under the radical title, "Floods in the metropolitan area -- measures that should be taken to lessen damage."
中央防災会議の「大規模水害対策に関する専門調査会」が１０年、報告書を公表した。副題は「首都圏水没〜被害軽減のために取るべき対策とは〜」と刺激的である。
In the worst-case scenario incorporated in the report, up to 6,300 people would die if the Tone River were to overflow and up to 3,500 people would lose their lives if the Arakawa River were to flood. In case a massive amount of water flows into underground spaces such as subway tunnels, the scale of floods would rapidly expand. Such floods would deal a serious blow to politics and the economy, just like a powerful earthquake occurring right below the Tokyo metropolitan area.
大雨によって利根川が氾濫した場合、最悪で６３００人、荒川で３５００人の死者が出る想定だ。地下鉄など地下に張り巡らされた空間に水が流れ込めば、短時間で浸水が拡大する。首都直下地震が襲った時と同様、政治や経済への影響も甚大だ。
The Kansai and Nagoya regions face high risks of floods as their population is concentrated in areas at ground level and many typhoons pass these regions.
首都圏に限らない。関西や名古屋地区も海抜ゼロメートル地帯に人口が集中し、台風の通り道でもあるため、極めて水害の危険が高い。
◇都市の水害危機は深刻
It goes without saying that it is important to step up flood-control measures, but the central and local governments must work closely to utilize land with the risk of floods in mind and consider how to reside in areas vulnerable to floods.
治水対策の強化はもちろんだが、水害を想定した土地利用、さらには住まい方の工夫を政府、自治体一丸となって進めなければならない。
Although the accuracy of meteorological observations has been improving, it is still difficult to precisely and quickly predict localized torrential rain that lasts for only a short period of time. Such being the case, local government responses, such as issuing evacuation advisories, are called into question whenever a serious disaster occurs.
気象観測の精度は上がっているが、局地的な短時間の大雨を的確かつタイムリーに予測するのは難しい。住民に避難を呼びかける行政対応が災害のたびに問題化する。
The Hiroshima Municipal Government has admitted that it was slow to issue an evacuation advisory at the time of the mudslides. The Cabinet Office has set guidelines that require local bodies to promptly issue evacuation advisories or orders without fear of being criticized for overreacting to disasters. However, many residents choose to stay home despite evacuation advisories and officials at local governments appear to often hesitate to issue such recommendations.
広島の土砂災害でも、広島市が避難勧告の遅れを認めた。内閣府が、「空振り」を恐れずに勧告を出すよう指針を示したが、勧告を出しても住民が避難しない場合が多く、現場の判断も迷うことが多いようだ。
Regardless, local governments must not hesitate to call on residents to flee their homes if there is imminent danger. Therefore, the national and local governments should clarify the criteria for issuing such advisories by learning lessons from past disasters and by improving their practical measures to respond to disasters.
それでも危険が迫れば、ためらわず避難を呼びかけるのが大前提だ。数々の災害の教訓を生かした発令基準の明確化など、行政は防災実務の一層の改善に取り組むべきだ。
At the same time, citizens should raise their awareness of the need to be prepared for serious natural disasters. In a column he wrote for the Japan Meteorological Agency's annual report for fiscal 2012, Gunma University professor Toshitaka Katada pointed out that citizens have failed to take proactive action to fully utilize information on natural disasters to protect their own lives.
"It is not necessarily true that improvement in the accuracy of disaster information directly leads to the enhancement of disaster countermeasures," he wrote.
同時に住民の意識改革もまた必要である。群馬大学大学院の片田敏孝教授は、気象庁が刊行する「気象業務はいま」（１２年版）のコラムで「災害情報の高度化が防災の向上に直結するのかと言えば必ずしもそうではない」と述べ、住民が災害情報を生かさず、自分の命を守ることへの主体性が欠落していると指摘した。
The phrase "normalcy bias" refers to the psychological tendency to underestimate the imminent danger people face even if they obtain information on the danger they actually face. Experts have pointed out that victims of tsunami triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake showed this mental state.
「正常化の偏見」という言葉がある。危険が迫っていることを知らせる情報を得ても、自分の身にそんな事態が差し迫っていると考えない心理傾向を指す。東日本大震災の津波被害でも報告された。
Instead of simply relying on government organizations, all citizens should have enough knowledge of the areas they live in, and choose a location where they would take shelter or a location within their home where they would seek cover in case of a serious disaster.
行政頼りでなく住んでいる地域を自ら知り、避難場所や屋内の逃げ場所を決めておきたい。
If they face an imminent disaster, people should proactively gather information to pay close attention to any warning signs.
いざ災害の可能性が現実化した場合は、情報を収集し、災害の前兆にも気を配る必要がある。
People have nobody but themselves to rely on to protect their own lives.
命を守る最後のとりでは自分自身だ。
Of course, regional communities as a whole must help the elderly and other residents who are vulnerable to disasters. もちろん、高齢者など災害弱者は、地域全体で助けねばならない。
With this fully in mind, all citizens should enhance their preparedness for powerful earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters.
そうした姿勢で、地震や津波、火山の噴火などあらゆる自然災害への防災力を高めよう。
毎日新聞 2014年09月01日 02時30分
The Yomiuri Shimbun
No optimism warranted on prospects of realizing peace in Gaza Strip
ガザ停戦合意 楽観できぬ和平実現への道
It is imperative to seek ways to realize a permanent ceasefire and pursue the road to peace in the Gaza Strip.
恒久的停戦を実現し、和平への道を探らなければならない。
The Palestinian Islamist group Hamas, which has effective control over the Palestinian autonomous region of Gaza, and Israel have agreed to an open-ended ceasefire after 50 days of fighting.
パレスチナ自治区ガザを実効支配するイスラム主義組織ハマスとイスラエルが、５０日の戦闘の末、ようやく無期限の停戦に合意した。
The death toll has topped 2,100 in Gaza, and most of the victims are civilians, including women and children. The two sides must give top priority to maintaining the ceasefire.
ガザ地区の死者は２１００人を超え、その大半が女性や子供など一般市民だった。双方は、停戦維持を最優先すべきである。
Since fighting started in early July, temporary ceasefires have taken effect several times through Egypt’s mediation, but none lasted for long.
７月上旬の戦闘開始以来、エジプトの仲介による時限付きの停戦が何度か発効したが、いずれも長続きしなかった。
The recent truce was agreed upon because Hamas developed a heightened sense of crisis after three of its military leaders were assassinated by Israel. On the other hand, Israel had been pressed to bring the conflict to an early end, in light of the fact that the popularity ratings for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s administration have plummeted due to an increase in the number of victims from the conflict.
無期限停戦が成立したのは、イスラエルによって軍事部門の幹部３人を暗殺されたハマスが、危機感を強めたためだ。イスラエルにも、犠牲者の増加でネタニヤフ政権の支持率が急落し、早期収拾を迫られていた事情がある。
Following the recent ceasefire accord, Israel relaxed the economic blockade it had been imposing since the Hamas seizure of Gaza in 2007, allowing humanitarian aid and materials for reconstruction work to be transported into Gaza.
今回の合意を受け、イスラエルは、２００７年のハマスによるガザ制圧以来続けてきた経済封鎖を緩和した。人道支援物資や、復旧に必要な建築資材の搬入なども認められることになった。
The U.N. World Food Program has begun to provide food assistance to Gaza.
国連の世界食糧計画（ＷＦＰ）は食糧援助を開始している。
Bumpy road ahead
However, a rough road lies ahead for reconstruction of the autonomous region.
ただ、復旧への道は険しい。
Gaza has suffered destruction on an unprecedented scale. Its economy has been brought to the brink of collapse, with the unemployment rate reaching 50 percent. It will be difficult for Hamas to procure the estimated reconstruction costs of $6 billion on its own. Hamas faces the challenge of finding a way to secure aid from the international community.
ガザは、前例のない規模で破壊された。失業率が５０％に達するなど経済も破綻状態で、６０億ドルと見込まれる復旧費用を自力で調達するのは困難だ。国際社会による支援が課題となろう。
There is concern in the United States, Europe and Egypt that if a huge amount of assistance money is provided to Hamas, which calls for the defeat of Israel, it will be misused to beef up its military capabilities.
欧米やエジプトには、イスラエル打倒を掲げるハマスに多額の援助をすると、戦力増強に転用されかねないと懸念する声がある。
In actuality, Hamas has replenished its rocket artillery and other arms every time clashes with Israel came to a standstill and then resumed attacks.
実際にハマスは、イスラエルとの衝突が一段落する度に、ロケット弾などの武器を補充し、攻撃を再開してきた。
For an international assistance framework to be created, it is indispensable for the Palestinian Authority, which has formed an interim government with Hamas, to serve as a channel to receive assistance, thereby ensuring transparency in the flow of aid supplies and funds. The political leadership of Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian Authority, is being put to the test in this regard.
国際的な支援の枠組みを作るには、ハマスと暫定統一政府を組むパレスチナ自治政府が支援の窓口となり、援助物資や資金の流れの透明性を確保することが欠かせまい。アッバス自治政府議長の政治的指導力が試される。
It was also agreed that Israel and Hamas would enter indirect talks on a permanent ceasefire within a month, with Egypt acting as an intermediary. Starting the negotiations smoothly could be the first step toward achieving peace.
一方、恒久的な停戦に向けた協議は、エジプトを仲介役とした間接交渉の形で、１か月以内に始められることになった。着実な交渉開始が和平への第一歩となる。
Israel wants to ensure its own national security, while Hamas has asked for a complete lifting of the Gaza blockade and the release of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel. Each of these demands has been left pending, as the two sides have stood firm on their positions. No optimism is warranted regarding the future course of talks.
イスラエルは自国の安全保障を、ハマスはガザ封鎖の完全解除やパレスチナ囚人釈放などを要求している。いずれも、双方が鋭く対立してきた懸案である。交渉の行方は楽観を許さない。
International efforts—centering on those by Egypt, which has served as an intermediary in the negotiations, and the United States, which can exert influence over Israel—are essential to spur the promotion of mutual concessions by the two conflicting parties.
仲介役のエジプトや、イスラエルへの影響力を持つ米国を中心に、国際社会が歩み寄りを促す努力を続けることが重要だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 29, 2014)Speech
No optimism warranted on prospects of realizing peace in Gaza Strip
ガザ停戦合意 楽観できぬ和平実現への道
It is imperative to seek ways to realize a permanent ceasefire and pursue the road to peace in the Gaza Strip.
恒久的停戦を実現し、和平への道を探らなければならない。
The Palestinian Islamist group Hamas, which has effective control over the Palestinian autonomous region of Gaza, and Israel have agreed to an open-ended ceasefire after 50 days of fighting.
パレスチナ自治区ガザを実効支配するイスラム主義組織ハマスとイスラエルが、５０日の戦闘の末、ようやく無期限の停戦に合意した。
The death toll has topped 2,100 in Gaza, and most of the victims are civilians, including women and children. The two sides must give top priority to maintaining the ceasefire.
ガザ地区の死者は２１００人を超え、その大半が女性や子供など一般市民だった。双方は、停戦維持を最優先すべきである。
Since fighting started in early July, temporary ceasefires have taken effect several times through Egypt’s mediation, but none lasted for long.
７月上旬の戦闘開始以来、エジプトの仲介による時限付きの停戦が何度か発効したが、いずれも長続きしなかった。
The recent truce was agreed upon because Hamas developed a heightened sense of crisis after three of its military leaders were assassinated by Israel. On the other hand, Israel had been pressed to bring the conflict to an early end, in light of the fact that the popularity ratings for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s administration have plummeted due to an increase in the number of victims from the conflict.
無期限停戦が成立したのは、イスラエルによって軍事部門の幹部３人を暗殺されたハマスが、危機感を強めたためだ。イスラエルにも、犠牲者の増加でネタニヤフ政権の支持率が急落し、早期収拾を迫られていた事情がある。
Following the recent ceasefire accord, Israel relaxed the economic blockade it had been imposing since the Hamas seizure of Gaza in 2007, allowing humanitarian aid and materials for reconstruction work to be transported into Gaza.
今回の合意を受け、イスラエルは、２００７年のハマスによるガザ制圧以来続けてきた経済封鎖を緩和した。人道支援物資や、復旧に必要な建築資材の搬入なども認められることになった。
The U.N. World Food Program has begun to provide food assistance to Gaza.
国連の世界食糧計画（ＷＦＰ）は食糧援助を開始している。
Bumpy road ahead
However, a rough road lies ahead for reconstruction of the autonomous region.
ただ、復旧への道は険しい。
Gaza has suffered destruction on an unprecedented scale. Its economy has been brought to the brink of collapse, with the unemployment rate reaching 50 percent. It will be difficult for Hamas to procure the estimated reconstruction costs of $6 billion on its own. Hamas faces the challenge of finding a way to secure aid from the international community.
ガザは、前例のない規模で破壊された。失業率が５０％に達するなど経済も破綻状態で、６０億ドルと見込まれる復旧費用を自力で調達するのは困難だ。国際社会による支援が課題となろう。
There is concern in the United States, Europe and Egypt that if a huge amount of assistance money is provided to Hamas, which calls for the defeat of Israel, it will be misused to beef up its military capabilities.
欧米やエジプトには、イスラエル打倒を掲げるハマスに多額の援助をすると、戦力増強に転用されかねないと懸念する声がある。
In actuality, Hamas has replenished its rocket artillery and other arms every time clashes with Israel came to a standstill and then resumed attacks.
実際にハマスは、イスラエルとの衝突が一段落する度に、ロケット弾などの武器を補充し、攻撃を再開してきた。
For an international assistance framework to be created, it is indispensable for the Palestinian Authority, which has formed an interim government with Hamas, to serve as a channel to receive assistance, thereby ensuring transparency in the flow of aid supplies and funds. The political leadership of Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian Authority, is being put to the test in this regard.
国際的な支援の枠組みを作るには、ハマスと暫定統一政府を組むパレスチナ自治政府が支援の窓口となり、援助物資や資金の流れの透明性を確保することが欠かせまい。アッバス自治政府議長の政治的指導力が試される。
It was also agreed that Israel and Hamas would enter indirect talks on a permanent ceasefire within a month, with Egypt acting as an intermediary. Starting the negotiations smoothly could be the first step toward achieving peace.
一方、恒久的な停戦に向けた協議は、エジプトを仲介役とした間接交渉の形で、１か月以内に始められることになった。着実な交渉開始が和平への第一歩となる。
Israel wants to ensure its own national security, while Hamas has asked for a complete lifting of the Gaza blockade and the release of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel. Each of these demands has been left pending, as the two sides have stood firm on their positions. No optimism is warranted regarding the future course of talks.
イスラエルは自国の安全保障を、ハマスはガザ封鎖の完全解除やパレスチナ囚人釈放などを要求している。いずれも、双方が鋭く対立してきた懸案である。交渉の行方は楽観を許さない。
International efforts—centering on those by Egypt, which has served as an intermediary in the negotiations, and the United States, which can exert influence over Israel—are essential to spur the promotion of mutual concessions by the two conflicting parties.
仲介役のエジプトや、イスラエルへの影響力を持つ米国を中心に、国際社会が歩み寄りを促す努力を続けることが重要だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 29, 2014)Speech
August 28, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Step up efforts to take countermeasures against Sea of Japan tsunami
社説:日本海側の津波 避難と減災に本腰を
A panel of experts set up by the Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ministry has announced estimates on the height of tsunami generated by major earthquakes that could occur in faults below the Sea of Japan.
国土交通省の有識者検討会が、日本海の海底断層で発生する大規模地震に伴う予想津波高を公表した。
Up to 23-meter-high tsunami are expected to hit Setana, Hokkaido, while five- to 12-meter-high tsunami are estimated in areas along the eastern to northeastern Sea of Japan coast from Hokkaido to Fukui Prefecture. Some three- to four-meter-high tsunami could hit areas along the western Sea of Japan coast from Kyoto Prefecture to Kyushu.
北海道せたな町で最大２３メートルが予想され、北海道から福井の日本海沿岸の高いところで５〜１２メートル、京都から九州北部の高いところで３〜４メートルの津波高になるとの予測が出た。
Although experts do not think there is a seismic source in the Sea of Japan that could trigger a huge temblor, like the Nankai Trough in the Pacific Ocean south of the Japanese archipelago, earthquakes whose focal points are situated on the bottom of the Sea of Japan are estimated to cause higher tsunami despite their smaller seismic scales.
南海トラフのような巨大地震を引き起こす大規模な震源域は日本海側にはないとみられるが、地震の規模の割に津波が高くなるのが特徴だ。
National and local governments are slow to work out countermeasures against Sea of Japan earthquakes as compared with responses to possible temblors in the Pacific Ocean. This is the first time that the national government has estimated the height of tsunami in each municipality along the Sea of Japan coast. By fully utilizing the estimates, the national government and local bodies concerned should take all possible measures to protect residents and their neighborhoods along the Sea of Japan coast from tsunami.
日本海側の津波対策は、太平洋側に比べて総じて遅れている。日本海に面した市町村ごとの国による津波予測は今回が初めてだ。これを生かし、政府と関係自治体が協力して津波対策に万全を期したい。
Massive tsunami that caused casualties have hit areas along the Sea of Japan coast in the past. The magnitude-7.7 central Sea of Japan earthquake in 1983 caused a tsunami that killed about 100 people, while a tsunami generated by a temblor with a magnitude of 7.8 in the southwest off Hokkaido in 1993 left 230 people dead or missing.
日本海側でも大きな人的被害を伴う津波が起きている。１９８３年の日本海中部地震では津波による死者が１００人に上り、９３年の北海道南西沖地震でも２３０人の死者と行方不明者が出た。
However, there are far fewer records of earthquakes in the Sea of Japan than those in the Pacific Ocean and little progress has been made on a geological survey on the seabed of the Sea of Japan. Legislation aimed at encouraging local bodies to step up countermeasures against tsunami, which came into effect following the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, requires prefectural governments to estimate the areas that are likely to be submerged by tsunami. However, prefectural governments have previously struggled to make estimates due to a lack of specific assessments of earthquake and tsunami on the Sea of Japan coast. As such, the panel of experts recently conducted analyses.
だが、日本海側は太平洋側に比べて歴史記録が少なく、地質調査も進んでいなかった。東日本大震災の後に、津波対策強化のために作られた「津波防災地域づくり法」は、津波が陸地のどこまでくるか浸水想定を都道府県が策定するよう定める。だが、日本海側での地震や津波の予測モデルがなかったため、昨年１月から検討会で分析を進めてきた。
Based on data on past earthquakes and the crustal structure, the panel reportedly examined 60 underwater faults from Hokkaido to Nagasaki, assumed that these faults could trigger magnitude-6.8 to 7.9 temblors and then estimated the height of tsunami that could be generated by such quakes.
過去の地震や地殻構造のデータなどを基に北海道から長崎沖までの６０の海底断層を選び、地震の規模はマグニチュード（Ｍ）６．８〜７．９と想定し、計算したという。
Experts say such relatively small earthquakes could trigger higher tsunami because these faults below the seabed of the Sea of Japan are relatively shallow. Since the faults are close to the archipelago, tsunami generated by earthquakes occurring in these faults could reach the archipelago in a short period of time. The panel estimates that tsunami waves could hit some areas within a minute after a quake, and that at least 30-centimeter-high waves, which could sweep away people, might hit 82 municipalities within 10 minutes.
地震の規模の割に津波が高いのは、震源となる海底の断層が浅いためだ。断層の位置も陸地に近く、短時間で津波が到達する。一部地域は地震発生から１分以内に津波が到達し、半数近くの８２市町村で、人が流される恐れのある高さ３０センチの津波が１０分以内に到達する可能性がある。
Based on these estimates, prefectural and municipal governments in areas along the Sea of Japan coast are required to review their disaster-prevention plans. Top priority should be placed on safely evacuating local residents.
今回の予測を受け、道府県や市町村は防災計画を見直す。最優先は、住民の安全な避難だ。
A panel of experts within the government's Central Disaster Management Council recommended in September 2011 that all regions be rebuilt to make sure that residents can walk to safe locations within about five minutes after tsunami hit.
中央防災会議の専門調査会は２０１１年９月、津波が発生した場合、原則として歩いて５分程度で安全な場所に避難できるまちづくりを提言した。
The panel made the recommendation on the assumption that a huge earthquake could hit areas along the Pacific coast. However, similar countermeasures should be taken in areas along the Sea of Japan coast. Both national and local governments along the Sea of Japan coast should designate evacuation routes and regularly conduct evacuation drills in preparation for deadly tsunami, while implementing all possible measures to lessen damage caused by such disasters.
主に太平洋側の巨大地震を念頭に置いたものだが、日本海側でも、そうした姿勢で対策に取り組まなければならない。避難路の整備や日常的な避難訓練などの備えを進めたい。あらゆる減災の手立てを尽くすべきだ。
The panel also announced its estimates of the height of tsunami that could hit 11 nuclear power stations along the Sea of Japan coast, but the estimated figures were below those by the plant operators.
今回、日本海側にある１１の原子力発電所ごとの予想津波高も公表されたが、いずれも電力会社の想定を下回った。
Still, there is a possibility that the estimates could change as seismological research progresses. As such, it is only natural that authorities should strictly examine the safety of each nuclear plant.
それでも地震の研究が進めば、想定が変わることも十分にあり得る。厳しい目で安全審査を進めるのは当然だ。
毎日新聞 2014年08月28日 02時40分
Editorial: Step up efforts to take countermeasures against Sea of Japan tsunami
社説:日本海側の津波 避難と減災に本腰を
A panel of experts set up by the Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ministry has announced estimates on the height of tsunami generated by major earthquakes that could occur in faults below the Sea of Japan.
国土交通省の有識者検討会が、日本海の海底断層で発生する大規模地震に伴う予想津波高を公表した。
Up to 23-meter-high tsunami are expected to hit Setana, Hokkaido, while five- to 12-meter-high tsunami are estimated in areas along the eastern to northeastern Sea of Japan coast from Hokkaido to Fukui Prefecture. Some three- to four-meter-high tsunami could hit areas along the western Sea of Japan coast from Kyoto Prefecture to Kyushu.
北海道せたな町で最大２３メートルが予想され、北海道から福井の日本海沿岸の高いところで５〜１２メートル、京都から九州北部の高いところで３〜４メートルの津波高になるとの予測が出た。
Although experts do not think there is a seismic source in the Sea of Japan that could trigger a huge temblor, like the Nankai Trough in the Pacific Ocean south of the Japanese archipelago, earthquakes whose focal points are situated on the bottom of the Sea of Japan are estimated to cause higher tsunami despite their smaller seismic scales.
南海トラフのような巨大地震を引き起こす大規模な震源域は日本海側にはないとみられるが、地震の規模の割に津波が高くなるのが特徴だ。
National and local governments are slow to work out countermeasures against Sea of Japan earthquakes as compared with responses to possible temblors in the Pacific Ocean. This is the first time that the national government has estimated the height of tsunami in each municipality along the Sea of Japan coast. By fully utilizing the estimates, the national government and local bodies concerned should take all possible measures to protect residents and their neighborhoods along the Sea of Japan coast from tsunami.
日本海側の津波対策は、太平洋側に比べて総じて遅れている。日本海に面した市町村ごとの国による津波予測は今回が初めてだ。これを生かし、政府と関係自治体が協力して津波対策に万全を期したい。
Massive tsunami that caused casualties have hit areas along the Sea of Japan coast in the past. The magnitude-7.7 central Sea of Japan earthquake in 1983 caused a tsunami that killed about 100 people, while a tsunami generated by a temblor with a magnitude of 7.8 in the southwest off Hokkaido in 1993 left 230 people dead or missing.
日本海側でも大きな人的被害を伴う津波が起きている。１９８３年の日本海中部地震では津波による死者が１００人に上り、９３年の北海道南西沖地震でも２３０人の死者と行方不明者が出た。
However, there are far fewer records of earthquakes in the Sea of Japan than those in the Pacific Ocean and little progress has been made on a geological survey on the seabed of the Sea of Japan. Legislation aimed at encouraging local bodies to step up countermeasures against tsunami, which came into effect following the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, requires prefectural governments to estimate the areas that are likely to be submerged by tsunami. However, prefectural governments have previously struggled to make estimates due to a lack of specific assessments of earthquake and tsunami on the Sea of Japan coast. As such, the panel of experts recently conducted analyses.
だが、日本海側は太平洋側に比べて歴史記録が少なく、地質調査も進んでいなかった。東日本大震災の後に、津波対策強化のために作られた「津波防災地域づくり法」は、津波が陸地のどこまでくるか浸水想定を都道府県が策定するよう定める。だが、日本海側での地震や津波の予測モデルがなかったため、昨年１月から検討会で分析を進めてきた。
Based on data on past earthquakes and the crustal structure, the panel reportedly examined 60 underwater faults from Hokkaido to Nagasaki, assumed that these faults could trigger magnitude-6.8 to 7.9 temblors and then estimated the height of tsunami that could be generated by such quakes.
過去の地震や地殻構造のデータなどを基に北海道から長崎沖までの６０の海底断層を選び、地震の規模はマグニチュード（Ｍ）６．８〜７．９と想定し、計算したという。
Experts say such relatively small earthquakes could trigger higher tsunami because these faults below the seabed of the Sea of Japan are relatively shallow. Since the faults are close to the archipelago, tsunami generated by earthquakes occurring in these faults could reach the archipelago in a short period of time. The panel estimates that tsunami waves could hit some areas within a minute after a quake, and that at least 30-centimeter-high waves, which could sweep away people, might hit 82 municipalities within 10 minutes.
地震の規模の割に津波が高いのは、震源となる海底の断層が浅いためだ。断層の位置も陸地に近く、短時間で津波が到達する。一部地域は地震発生から１分以内に津波が到達し、半数近くの８２市町村で、人が流される恐れのある高さ３０センチの津波が１０分以内に到達する可能性がある。
Based on these estimates, prefectural and municipal governments in areas along the Sea of Japan coast are required to review their disaster-prevention plans. Top priority should be placed on safely evacuating local residents.
今回の予測を受け、道府県や市町村は防災計画を見直す。最優先は、住民の安全な避難だ。
A panel of experts within the government's Central Disaster Management Council recommended in September 2011 that all regions be rebuilt to make sure that residents can walk to safe locations within about five minutes after tsunami hit.
中央防災会議の専門調査会は２０１１年９月、津波が発生した場合、原則として歩いて５分程度で安全な場所に避難できるまちづくりを提言した。
The panel made the recommendation on the assumption that a huge earthquake could hit areas along the Pacific coast. However, similar countermeasures should be taken in areas along the Sea of Japan coast. Both national and local governments along the Sea of Japan coast should designate evacuation routes and regularly conduct evacuation drills in preparation for deadly tsunami, while implementing all possible measures to lessen damage caused by such disasters.
主に太平洋側の巨大地震を念頭に置いたものだが、日本海側でも、そうした姿勢で対策に取り組まなければならない。避難路の整備や日常的な避難訓練などの備えを進めたい。あらゆる減災の手立てを尽くすべきだ。
The panel also announced its estimates of the height of tsunami that could hit 11 nuclear power stations along the Sea of Japan coast, but the estimated figures were below those by the plant operators.
今回、日本海側にある１１の原子力発電所ごとの予想津波高も公表されたが、いずれも電力会社の想定を下回った。
Still, there is a possibility that the estimates could change as seismological research progresses. As such, it is only natural that authorities should strictly examine the safety of each nuclear plant.
それでも地震の研究が進めば、想定が変わることも十分にあり得る。厳しい目で安全審査を進めるのは当然だ。
毎日新聞 2014年08月28日 02時40分
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Barbaric Islamic State militant group must be stamped out
「イスラム国」 凶暴な武装集団の跳梁許すな
The international community should take every possible action to eradicate the barbaric Islamic State militant group.
凶悪な武装集団の掃討に向け、国際社会はあらゆる手を打つべきだ。
There seems to be no end in sight to the Sunni Islamist group’s increasing influence in Iraq and Syria. The Islamic State is reported to have forced Syrian President Bashar Assad’s forces to withdraw from an air force base in the north of the country, setting its sights on capturing Aleppo, the largest city in that area.
イスラム教スンニ派過激派組織「イスラム国」のイラク、シリアでの勢力拡大が止まらない。シリア北部で、アサド政権軍を空軍基地から撤退させ、北部最大の都市アレッポ攻略も視野に入れたという。
The Islamic State has been increasing its combat potential with funds obtained through such nefarious means as the seizure of oil fields and kidnapping for ransom. On the other hand, the militant group has been carrying out a skillful campaign to attract combatants from around the world who hold radical beliefs. The number of Islamic State militants total about 15,000, according to some observers.
「イスラム国」は、油田の強奪や誘拐などで不当に得た資金で戦闘能力を高める一方、巧みな宣伝活動で、過激思想に染まった戦闘員を世界中から集めている。勢力は約１万５０００人に達したとの見方もある。
The group is guilty of mass slaughter and sexual assault in areas under its control. It recently beheaded an American who had not been heard of since he was kidnapped in Syria about two years ago, and released a chilling video on the Internet showing the execution. A Japanese man has also been captured by the group, arousing concern for his safety.
支配地域では、虐殺や性的暴行を繰り返している。約２年前にシリアで消息を絶った米国人男性を処刑し、その模様をネットで流した。日本人男性も拉致され、安否が心配されている。
The international community faces the pressing task of eliminating this barbaric group.
残虐極まりない組織の跳梁ちょうりょうをこれ以上許さないことは、国際社会にとって喫緊の課題と言える。
In early August, the United States launched air strikes on the Islamic State in some areas of Iraq. This achieved a certain measure of success in hurting the group. However, the Islamic State, which is trying to expand its influence through cross-border activities, has shifted its main area of operations to Syria, a move leading to the American’s execution.
米国は８月上旬から、イラク国内に限定して「イスラム国」への空爆を実施し、一定の効果を上げた。しかし、国境をまたいで勢力圏を広げる「イスラム国」は、シリア側に活動の重点を移し、米国人の犠牲者も出た。
The United States has said the purpose of its air attacks is to protect its own people, indicating that it is prepared to conduct a similar military campaign in Syria as one of its options.
米国は、自国民を守ることを空爆の目的に掲げており、シリア側での空爆も選択肢に入った。
U.S. faces dilemma
Assad’s government is poised to permit U.S. air strikes on the militant group in Syria if Washington agrees to hold consultations to reach a bilateral consensus prior to military operations.
シリアのアサド政権は、米国が事前調整の手続きを取ることを前提に、空爆を容認する構えだ。
However, launching air strikes puts the United States in a quandary. Doing so will help Assad remain in power at a time when the United States is at odds with his country. This will force President Barack Obama to make a difficult decision on how to deal with the situation.
だが、米国にとっては、空爆が対立するアサド政権の存続を利するジレンマがある。オバマ大統領は難しい判断を迫られよう。
The United States and European nations intend to supply weapons to Iraq’s Kurdish troops and the Free Syrian Army, an armed Syrian dissident group opposed to the Islamic State. The move is intended to deal a blow to the Islamic State by supporting its enemies.
欧米各国は、「イスラム国」と戦っているシリア反体制派武装組織「自由シリア軍」とイラクのクルド人部隊に武器を供与する方針だ。敵対勢力にてこ入れし、打撃を与える作戦である。
However, there is concern the Islamic State may gain the upper hand in its fight with its opponents, a development that could result in the Islamist group acquiring a large number of weapons that have been supplied to the troubled region.
心配なのは、「イスラム国」が戦闘を優位に進め、結果的に、紛争地域に出回った大量の武器を手にしてしまうことだ。
The great increase in the Islamic State’s power is believed to be attributable to massive funding from wealthy supporters in oil-producing countries. The international community needs to uncover the whole truth behind this and shut off the militant group’s source of funds.
「イスラム国」が強大化している背景には、産油国の富裕層などによる多額の資金供与があるとされる。国際社会は、こうした実態を徹底的に解明し、資金源を断つ必要がある。
Immediate measures must also be taken to stop the group from recruiting members from around the world. One of the tasks in this respect is to remove video footage promoting the Islamic State on the Internet, a task necessary to prevent the further spread of radicalization.
要員集めの封じ込めも、急がなければならない。過激思想の拡散を防ぐため、ネットに流れた「イスラム国」の宣伝映像の丁寧な削除などが課題となろう。
There is an increasing number of cases in which figures involved in terrorist activities in the Middle East and elsewhere return to the United States, European and other nations. It is extremely important to keep a close eye on them and track their movements.
中東などでテロに関与した人物が、欧米などへ帰国する例が目立ってきた。厳重な監視と摘発が極めて重要だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 27, 2014)
Barbaric Islamic State militant group must be stamped out
「イスラム国」 凶暴な武装集団の跳梁許すな
The international community should take every possible action to eradicate the barbaric Islamic State militant group.
凶悪な武装集団の掃討に向け、国際社会はあらゆる手を打つべきだ。
There seems to be no end in sight to the Sunni Islamist group’s increasing influence in Iraq and Syria. The Islamic State is reported to have forced Syrian President Bashar Assad’s forces to withdraw from an air force base in the north of the country, setting its sights on capturing Aleppo, the largest city in that area.
イスラム教スンニ派過激派組織「イスラム国」のイラク、シリアでの勢力拡大が止まらない。シリア北部で、アサド政権軍を空軍基地から撤退させ、北部最大の都市アレッポ攻略も視野に入れたという。
The Islamic State has been increasing its combat potential with funds obtained through such nefarious means as the seizure of oil fields and kidnapping for ransom. On the other hand, the militant group has been carrying out a skillful campaign to attract combatants from around the world who hold radical beliefs. The number of Islamic State militants total about 15,000, according to some observers.
「イスラム国」は、油田の強奪や誘拐などで不当に得た資金で戦闘能力を高める一方、巧みな宣伝活動で、過激思想に染まった戦闘員を世界中から集めている。勢力は約１万５０００人に達したとの見方もある。
The group is guilty of mass slaughter and sexual assault in areas under its control. It recently beheaded an American who had not been heard of since he was kidnapped in Syria about two years ago, and released a chilling video on the Internet showing the execution. A Japanese man has also been captured by the group, arousing concern for his safety.
支配地域では、虐殺や性的暴行を繰り返している。約２年前にシリアで消息を絶った米国人男性を処刑し、その模様をネットで流した。日本人男性も拉致され、安否が心配されている。
The international community faces the pressing task of eliminating this barbaric group.
残虐極まりない組織の跳梁ちょうりょうをこれ以上許さないことは、国際社会にとって喫緊の課題と言える。
In early August, the United States launched air strikes on the Islamic State in some areas of Iraq. This achieved a certain measure of success in hurting the group. However, the Islamic State, which is trying to expand its influence through cross-border activities, has shifted its main area of operations to Syria, a move leading to the American’s execution.
米国は８月上旬から、イラク国内に限定して「イスラム国」への空爆を実施し、一定の効果を上げた。しかし、国境をまたいで勢力圏を広げる「イスラム国」は、シリア側に活動の重点を移し、米国人の犠牲者も出た。
The United States has said the purpose of its air attacks is to protect its own people, indicating that it is prepared to conduct a similar military campaign in Syria as one of its options.
米国は、自国民を守ることを空爆の目的に掲げており、シリア側での空爆も選択肢に入った。
U.S. faces dilemma
Assad’s government is poised to permit U.S. air strikes on the militant group in Syria if Washington agrees to hold consultations to reach a bilateral consensus prior to military operations.
シリアのアサド政権は、米国が事前調整の手続きを取ることを前提に、空爆を容認する構えだ。
However, launching air strikes puts the United States in a quandary. Doing so will help Assad remain in power at a time when the United States is at odds with his country. This will force President Barack Obama to make a difficult decision on how to deal with the situation.
だが、米国にとっては、空爆が対立するアサド政権の存続を利するジレンマがある。オバマ大統領は難しい判断を迫られよう。
The United States and European nations intend to supply weapons to Iraq’s Kurdish troops and the Free Syrian Army, an armed Syrian dissident group opposed to the Islamic State. The move is intended to deal a blow to the Islamic State by supporting its enemies.
欧米各国は、「イスラム国」と戦っているシリア反体制派武装組織「自由シリア軍」とイラクのクルド人部隊に武器を供与する方針だ。敵対勢力にてこ入れし、打撃を与える作戦である。
However, there is concern the Islamic State may gain the upper hand in its fight with its opponents, a development that could result in the Islamist group acquiring a large number of weapons that have been supplied to the troubled region.
心配なのは、「イスラム国」が戦闘を優位に進め、結果的に、紛争地域に出回った大量の武器を手にしてしまうことだ。
The great increase in the Islamic State’s power is believed to be attributable to massive funding from wealthy supporters in oil-producing countries. The international community needs to uncover the whole truth behind this and shut off the militant group’s source of funds.
「イスラム国」が強大化している背景には、産油国の富裕層などによる多額の資金供与があるとされる。国際社会は、こうした実態を徹底的に解明し、資金源を断つ必要がある。
Immediate measures must also be taken to stop the group from recruiting members from around the world. One of the tasks in this respect is to remove video footage promoting the Islamic State on the Internet, a task necessary to prevent the further spread of radicalization.
要員集めの封じ込めも、急がなければならない。過激思想の拡散を防ぐため、ネットに流れた「イスラム国」の宣伝映像の丁寧な削除などが課題となろう。
There is an increasing number of cases in which figures involved in terrorist activities in the Middle East and elsewhere return to the United States, European and other nations. It is extremely important to keep a close eye on them and track their movements.
中東などでテロに関与した人物が、欧米などへ帰国する例が目立ってきた。厳重な監視と摘発が極めて重要だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 27, 2014)
August 26, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: J.League should adopt zero tolerance toward racism
社説:サッカーとバナナ 人種差別を根絶しよう
It's not their fault but bananas have become a symbolic sign of racism. We must eradicate all sorts of discrimination from soccer stadiums and society.
バナナが悪いわけではない。バナナが人種差別の象徴的記号となってしまっていることを私たちは知らなければならない。そして、あらゆる差別をスタジアムと社会から根絶しなければならない。
During a J.League game between Yokohama F. Marinos and Kawasaki Frontale at a stadium in Yokohama on Aug. 23, a teenage Marinos fan sitting behind the Marinos goal waved a banana toward the pitch. It was just after a Brazilian player with Frontale failed to score a goal and was about to turn back.
横浜市で２３日に行われたサッカーＪ１の横浜Ｆ・マリノス−川崎フロンターレ戦で、横浜マの１０代後半の男性サポーターがピッチに向けてバナナを振る行為があった。川崎のブラジル出身の選手が相手ゴールに攻め込んだが得点できず、引き揚げようとした時、ゴール裏のスタンドにいた男性がバナナを振った。
During questioning by Marinos' officials, the teenager explained that he was aware of his act of provocation but that it wasn't aimed at any particular player. His explanation underscores a lack of awareness against discrimination, which the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), as well as soccer leagues across the globe, have been trying so hard to eliminate from stadiums.
横浜マの事情聴取に対し、男性は「挑発行為はしたが、特定の選手に向けたものではない」と説明したという。この言葉には、国際サッカー連盟（ＦＩＦＡ）や欧州サッカー連盟（ＵＥＦＡ）、各国リーグが根絶に取り組んでいる差別に対する意識の希薄さが表れている。
Throwing bananas onto the pitch carries the connotation of calling someone a monkey and is a well-known means of racial discrimination. Since African footballers started to play in the European leagues in the 1970s, there has been a spate of discriminatory incidents involving bananas. Those incidents represent the dark side of racial and ethnic diversity.
バナナをピッチに投げ入れるなどの行為は「お前はサルだ」という意味で、人種差別の常とう手段だ。欧州では１９７０年代以降、アフリカ生まれの黒人選手らがプレーするようになり、バナナによる差別行為が頻発した。多民族化、多人種化が引き起こした負の側面と言えよう。
During a Spanish league game in April, a banana was thrown onto the pitch at the feet of FC Barcelona player Dani Alves as he was about to take a corner. The Brazilian national team player picked up the banana, peeled it and ate it, and then kicked the ball as if nothing had happened.
スペインリーグでは４月、バルセロナに所属するブラジル代表の選手がコーナーキックを蹴ろうとした時、足元にスタンドからバナナが投げ込まれた。その選手はバナナを拾って皮をむき、食べた後、何事もなかったかのようにボールを蹴った。
Such a humorous reaction to an act of discrimination sparked worldwide compassion, prompting not only fellow soccer players but also the Italian prime minister to be photographed peeling a banana and then post it on Facebook and other social media. Unfortunately, however, there is an endless stream of similar acts of discrimination in Europe.
差別に対してユーモアを交えた行動で応じたこの行為は世界中の共感を呼び、選手だけでなく、イタリアの首相もバナナの皮をむいて写真に納まり、フェイスブックなどで発信した。だが、残念ながら欧州では同様の行為が絶えない。
In the J.League, the Urawa Reds were penalized with an unprecedented game behind closed doors after its supporters displayed a racist banner reading "Japanese Only" at Saitama Stadium in March. Urawa's management was criticized for leaving the banner unaddressed until after the game while some spectators had raised questions about it.
Ｊリーグでは３月、浦和のサポーターによって人種差別横断幕「ＪＡＰＡＮＥＳＥ ＯＮＬＹ（日本人以外お断り）」が埼玉スタジアムに掲げられ、浦和に史上初の無観客試合が科された。観客から指摘を受けながら、クラブ側が試合終了まで放置したことも問題だった。
Lessons and reflections from that incident may have led to the Marinos' quick reaction to the latest incident. The club decided to impose an indefinite ban on the teenager later the same day, and the Marinos' president reported the incident as an "act of discriminatory provocation" to J.League Chairman Mitsuru Murai on Aug. 25. The J.League is poised to impose sanctions on the Marinos at an early date.
この反省と教訓が今回、横浜マの素早い対応につながったと言えるだろう。その日のうちに男性に対し無期限の入場禁止処分を下すことを決め、週明けの２５日には社長がＪリーグに出向き、村井満チェアマンに「差別的挑発行為」と報告した。Ｊリーグは早期に制裁を科す方針だ。
What takes place at soccer stadiums represents the realities of society. The J.League should take this incident as an opportunity to send out a message to society that discrimination is totally intolerable and demonstrate its spirit of "zero tolerance" to racism and discrimination, following the footsteps of FIFA and other organizations.
スタジアムと社会はつながっている。差別は絶対に許さないというメッセージを社会に発信する契機ととらえ、ＪリーグはＦＩＦＡなどにならい、「ノートレランス（非寛容）」の精神で臨むべきだろう。
毎日新聞 2014年08月26日 02時30分
Editorial: J.League should adopt zero tolerance toward racism
社説:サッカーとバナナ 人種差別を根絶しよう
It's not their fault but bananas have become a symbolic sign of racism. We must eradicate all sorts of discrimination from soccer stadiums and society.
バナナが悪いわけではない。バナナが人種差別の象徴的記号となってしまっていることを私たちは知らなければならない。そして、あらゆる差別をスタジアムと社会から根絶しなければならない。
During a J.League game between Yokohama F. Marinos and Kawasaki Frontale at a stadium in Yokohama on Aug. 23, a teenage Marinos fan sitting behind the Marinos goal waved a banana toward the pitch. It was just after a Brazilian player with Frontale failed to score a goal and was about to turn back.
横浜市で２３日に行われたサッカーＪ１の横浜Ｆ・マリノス−川崎フロンターレ戦で、横浜マの１０代後半の男性サポーターがピッチに向けてバナナを振る行為があった。川崎のブラジル出身の選手が相手ゴールに攻め込んだが得点できず、引き揚げようとした時、ゴール裏のスタンドにいた男性がバナナを振った。
During questioning by Marinos' officials, the teenager explained that he was aware of his act of provocation but that it wasn't aimed at any particular player. His explanation underscores a lack of awareness against discrimination, which the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), as well as soccer leagues across the globe, have been trying so hard to eliminate from stadiums.
横浜マの事情聴取に対し、男性は「挑発行為はしたが、特定の選手に向けたものではない」と説明したという。この言葉には、国際サッカー連盟（ＦＩＦＡ）や欧州サッカー連盟（ＵＥＦＡ）、各国リーグが根絶に取り組んでいる差別に対する意識の希薄さが表れている。
Throwing bananas onto the pitch carries the connotation of calling someone a monkey and is a well-known means of racial discrimination. Since African footballers started to play in the European leagues in the 1970s, there has been a spate of discriminatory incidents involving bananas. Those incidents represent the dark side of racial and ethnic diversity.
バナナをピッチに投げ入れるなどの行為は「お前はサルだ」という意味で、人種差別の常とう手段だ。欧州では１９７０年代以降、アフリカ生まれの黒人選手らがプレーするようになり、バナナによる差別行為が頻発した。多民族化、多人種化が引き起こした負の側面と言えよう。
During a Spanish league game in April, a banana was thrown onto the pitch at the feet of FC Barcelona player Dani Alves as he was about to take a corner. The Brazilian national team player picked up the banana, peeled it and ate it, and then kicked the ball as if nothing had happened.
スペインリーグでは４月、バルセロナに所属するブラジル代表の選手がコーナーキックを蹴ろうとした時、足元にスタンドからバナナが投げ込まれた。その選手はバナナを拾って皮をむき、食べた後、何事もなかったかのようにボールを蹴った。
Such a humorous reaction to an act of discrimination sparked worldwide compassion, prompting not only fellow soccer players but also the Italian prime minister to be photographed peeling a banana and then post it on Facebook and other social media. Unfortunately, however, there is an endless stream of similar acts of discrimination in Europe.
差別に対してユーモアを交えた行動で応じたこの行為は世界中の共感を呼び、選手だけでなく、イタリアの首相もバナナの皮をむいて写真に納まり、フェイスブックなどで発信した。だが、残念ながら欧州では同様の行為が絶えない。
In the J.League, the Urawa Reds were penalized with an unprecedented game behind closed doors after its supporters displayed a racist banner reading "Japanese Only" at Saitama Stadium in March. Urawa's management was criticized for leaving the banner unaddressed until after the game while some spectators had raised questions about it.
Ｊリーグでは３月、浦和のサポーターによって人種差別横断幕「ＪＡＰＡＮＥＳＥ ＯＮＬＹ（日本人以外お断り）」が埼玉スタジアムに掲げられ、浦和に史上初の無観客試合が科された。観客から指摘を受けながら、クラブ側が試合終了まで放置したことも問題だった。
Lessons and reflections from that incident may have led to the Marinos' quick reaction to the latest incident. The club decided to impose an indefinite ban on the teenager later the same day, and the Marinos' president reported the incident as an "act of discriminatory provocation" to J.League Chairman Mitsuru Murai on Aug. 25. The J.League is poised to impose sanctions on the Marinos at an early date.
この反省と教訓が今回、横浜マの素早い対応につながったと言えるだろう。その日のうちに男性に対し無期限の入場禁止処分を下すことを決め、週明けの２５日には社長がＪリーグに出向き、村井満チェアマンに「差別的挑発行為」と報告した。Ｊリーグは早期に制裁を科す方針だ。
What takes place at soccer stadiums represents the realities of society. The J.League should take this incident as an opportunity to send out a message to society that discrimination is totally intolerable and demonstrate its spirit of "zero tolerance" to racism and discrimination, following the footsteps of FIFA and other organizations.
スタジアムと社会はつながっている。差別は絶対に許さないというメッセージを社会に発信する契機ととらえ、ＪリーグはＦＩＦＡなどにならい、「ノートレランス（非寛容）」の精神で臨むべきだろう。
毎日新聞 2014年08月26日 02時30分
August 24, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Publically shaming criminals online is going too far
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:招きたくない監視社会 ／東京
Recently, a comic store generated controversy with a threat to publically release the image of a shoplifter's face who was caught on a security camera stealing an expensive figurine. The store first released an image of the shoplifter with his face pixelated and threatened to remove the pixilation if the person did not return the figurine by a certain day.
漫画専門店で売り物の高価なフィギュアを万引きした男性。監視カメラでとらえられており、映像のネット公開をめぐって議論が起きた。店側はまずモザイクつきの写真をネットにアップし、期日までに返却に来なければモザイクをはずすと呼びかけたが、
In the end, at the urging of police, the store did not remove the pixilation. However, in on-the-street interviews on television shows, many people gave the opinion that the pixilation should have been removed, to help deter future shoplifters.
結局、警察の指導などにより公開は見送った。情報番組の街頭インタビューなどでは「再犯防止のためにも公開すべきだったのでは」といった厳しい声も目立った。
Crime is said to be overall on the decline, but shoplifting numbers refuse to fall. Perhaps lacking awareness that what they have done is a crime, some shoplifters supposedly take a defiant attitude, saying, "As long as I return it, there's no problem, right?"
犯罪は全体としては減る方向にあると言われるが、万引きはいっこうに減少しない。犯罪という自覚がないのか、店側が見つけても「返せばいいんだろう」と開き直るケースもあるとのことだ。
Some small retailers are supposedly affected quite badly by shoplifting, so it is not a problem that can be overlooked. 経営に大きな支障が出る小売店もあるというから、見逃せない問題だ。
However, we must be careful about the idea that a store can set up its own "punishment," by for example threatening to release a photo of a shoplifter's face.
とはいえ、店側が「監視カメラの映像をネットで公開します」など独自の“罰”をもうける動きには慎重にならなくてはならない。
In this day and age, using the Internet one can easily find all kinds of information about a person -- their name, their address, their place of work.
It can lead to ruining a person's standing in society.
とくにこの時代、ネットを使えば名前、自宅、職場などが簡単に特定され、その人の社会的生命が断たれるほどのダメージを与えることにもなりかねない。
While the theft in the recent case was of a very valuable item, is it right for stores to be able to decide that when the value of shoplifted merchandise is over some particular amount it warrants a public release of the shoplifter's photo?
今回、盗まれたのはとても高価な品だったが、映像の公開か非公開か、その境目の金額までをはたして店が決めてよいものか。
Sometimes on the Internet, people will release photos of criminals, taken while they happened to be nearby.
ネットでは、問題を起こした人の写真や名前など個人情報を公開することを「さらす」と呼ぶ。
"This person is a groper," they may write, releasing a photo on a site such as Twitter.
「これが痴漢です」などと居合わせた人が写真を撮り、ツイッターなどで「さらす」こともある。
I feel that more and more, the reaction to this public exposure is not "that's going too far," but "they deserve it."
それに対し「やりすぎだ」という声より「さらされて当然」と肯定する声のほうが大きくなりつつあるのを感じる。
Of course, no matter the reason, there is no excuse for breaking the law or other rules.
もちろん法律などで決められているルールを破るのは、どんな理由があろうとも許される行為ではない。
But I also think that stores -- who are not police -- should not come up with and deal out their own "punishments." しかし、警察以外の個人や店の手により、どんな“罰”を加えても許されるというのは違うと思う。
While public exposure on the Internet is not a direct punishment like a fine or prison sentence, it is in some ways a heavier punishment.
ネットで「さらす」行為は罰金や懲役といった直接的な制裁ではないが、ある意味でそれ以上の重さを持っているともいえる。
According to police statistics, recently many shoplifters are people 65 and over.
警察の統計によれば、最近は６５歳以上の高齢者の万引きの増加が目立つそうだ。
Maybe, having retired or no longer having any family, they think, "I have nothing left to lose, so I don't care who you report me to.
仕事を退職していたり家族がおらずひとり暮らしだったりで、「もう失うものはないから、誰に報告してくれてもいいですよ。
You're going to put my face out on the Internet? I don't care." If so, it is a sad situation.
ネットで顔を“さらす”？ ああ、かまいませんよ」という心境なのだろうか。それも寂しい話だ。
I hope that we do not become a world where people are always observing each other, quick to photograph and expose other people on the Internet the moment they do something wrong.
お互いが監視し合い、怪しい行動を取ったらすぐに写真を撮って公開。これが当然、という世の中にならないことを願いたい。
（精神科医）
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年08月19日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Publically shaming criminals online is going too far
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:招きたくない監視社会 ／東京
Recently, a comic store generated controversy with a threat to publically release the image of a shoplifter's face who was caught on a security camera stealing an expensive figurine. The store first released an image of the shoplifter with his face pixelated and threatened to remove the pixilation if the person did not return the figurine by a certain day.
漫画専門店で売り物の高価なフィギュアを万引きした男性。監視カメラでとらえられており、映像のネット公開をめぐって議論が起きた。店側はまずモザイクつきの写真をネットにアップし、期日までに返却に来なければモザイクをはずすと呼びかけたが、
In the end, at the urging of police, the store did not remove the pixilation. However, in on-the-street interviews on television shows, many people gave the opinion that the pixilation should have been removed, to help deter future shoplifters.
結局、警察の指導などにより公開は見送った。情報番組の街頭インタビューなどでは「再犯防止のためにも公開すべきだったのでは」といった厳しい声も目立った。
Crime is said to be overall on the decline, but shoplifting numbers refuse to fall. Perhaps lacking awareness that what they have done is a crime, some shoplifters supposedly take a defiant attitude, saying, "As long as I return it, there's no problem, right?"
犯罪は全体としては減る方向にあると言われるが、万引きはいっこうに減少しない。犯罪という自覚がないのか、店側が見つけても「返せばいいんだろう」と開き直るケースもあるとのことだ。
Some small retailers are supposedly affected quite badly by shoplifting, so it is not a problem that can be overlooked. 経営に大きな支障が出る小売店もあるというから、見逃せない問題だ。
However, we must be careful about the idea that a store can set up its own "punishment," by for example threatening to release a photo of a shoplifter's face.
とはいえ、店側が「監視カメラの映像をネットで公開します」など独自の“罰”をもうける動きには慎重にならなくてはならない。
In this day and age, using the Internet one can easily find all kinds of information about a person -- their name, their address, their place of work.
It can lead to ruining a person's standing in society.
とくにこの時代、ネットを使えば名前、自宅、職場などが簡単に特定され、その人の社会的生命が断たれるほどのダメージを与えることにもなりかねない。
While the theft in the recent case was of a very valuable item, is it right for stores to be able to decide that when the value of shoplifted merchandise is over some particular amount it warrants a public release of the shoplifter's photo?
今回、盗まれたのはとても高価な品だったが、映像の公開か非公開か、その境目の金額までをはたして店が決めてよいものか。
Sometimes on the Internet, people will release photos of criminals, taken while they happened to be nearby.
ネットでは、問題を起こした人の写真や名前など個人情報を公開することを「さらす」と呼ぶ。
"This person is a groper," they may write, releasing a photo on a site such as Twitter.
「これが痴漢です」などと居合わせた人が写真を撮り、ツイッターなどで「さらす」こともある。
I feel that more and more, the reaction to this public exposure is not "that's going too far," but "they deserve it."
それに対し「やりすぎだ」という声より「さらされて当然」と肯定する声のほうが大きくなりつつあるのを感じる。
Of course, no matter the reason, there is no excuse for breaking the law or other rules.
もちろん法律などで決められているルールを破るのは、どんな理由があろうとも許される行為ではない。
But I also think that stores -- who are not police -- should not come up with and deal out their own "punishments." しかし、警察以外の個人や店の手により、どんな“罰”を加えても許されるというのは違うと思う。
While public exposure on the Internet is not a direct punishment like a fine or prison sentence, it is in some ways a heavier punishment.
ネットで「さらす」行為は罰金や懲役といった直接的な制裁ではないが、ある意味でそれ以上の重さを持っているともいえる。
According to police statistics, recently many shoplifters are people 65 and over.
警察の統計によれば、最近は６５歳以上の高齢者の万引きの増加が目立つそうだ。
Maybe, having retired or no longer having any family, they think, "I have nothing left to lose, so I don't care who you report me to.
仕事を退職していたり家族がおらずひとり暮らしだったりで、「もう失うものはないから、誰に報告してくれてもいいですよ。
You're going to put my face out on the Internet? I don't care." If so, it is a sad situation.
ネットで顔を“さらす”？ ああ、かまいませんよ」という心境なのだろうか。それも寂しい話だ。
I hope that we do not become a world where people are always observing each other, quick to photograph and expose other people on the Internet the moment they do something wrong.
お互いが監視し合い、怪しい行動を取ったらすぐに写真を撮って公開。これが当然、という世の中にならないことを願いたい。
（精神科医）
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年08月19日 地方版
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Elderly must enjoy healthy long life without need for nursing care
健康寿命 「元気で長生き」を目指したい
A major challenge facing the nation at a time when its population is rapidly aging is to ensure that elderly people can maintain their day-to-day lives for as long as possible, dispensing with the need to receive nursing care.
高齢になっても、介護を必要とせず、自立して生活できる期間をできるだけ延ばしていく。超高齢社会へ向けた大きな課題である。
In early August, the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry released the 2014 edition of its annual white paper, which focused on the goal of expanding the healthy life span so that the nation can be transformed into a long-lived, healthy society.
厚生労働省が今月公表した２０１４年版の厚生労働白書は、「健康長寿社会の実現に向けて」をタイトルに、「健康寿命の延伸」をメインテーマに掲げた。
Healthy life expectancy refers to the number of years that people can continue to live their daily lives independently, uninterrupted by health problems and without having to receive the help of family members or others.
健康寿命は、健康上の問題で日常生活が制限されず、家族などの手を借りることなく暮らせる年数のことだ。
In 2010, the healthy life span of the Japanese stood at 70.42 for men and 73.62 for women, both marking the world’s highest levels. The figures have been increasing year by year.
日本では、２０１０年時点で男性７０・４２歳、女性７３・６２歳と世界最高水準にあり、年々延びている。
However, these figures compare poorly with the average life expectancy—80.21 for men and 86.61 for women in 2013. This shows there is a disparity of about 10 years between the healthy life span and the average life expectancy among both Japanese men and women.
ただし、平均寿命（１３年）の男性８０・２１歳、女性８６・６１歳と比較すると、いずれも１０歳前後の開きがある点に留意すべきだ。
The gap represents how long men and women will be highly dependent on nursing care and medical services. It is widening due to a greater increase in the average life expectancy compared to that of the healthy life span.
この差は、介護や医療への依存度が高くなる期間を意味する。健康寿命より平均寿命の延びが大きいため、拡大する傾向にある。
It is necessary to shorten the period for which people need nursing and medical care, a task essential for enabling elderly people to live fulfilling, independent lives. If aged persons do not become bedridden and can live in good health for an extended period, the medical and nursing-care expenses they incur will likely be significantly reduced.
できる限りこの期間を短縮することが、高齢者一人一人の生活を充実させるために欠かせない。寝たきりにならず、健康に過ごせる期間が延びれば、医療・介護費の抑制効果も期待できる。
The government has said the goal of making Japan a nation of healthy and long-lived people is a pillar of its growth strategy.
政府は、健康長寿の実現を成長戦略の柱とも位置づけている。
In its strategy for health preservation and medical improvement adopted at a Cabinet meeting in July, the government said it would pursue the target of increasing the healthy life expectancy by more than one year by the end of 2020. The government hopes to nurture healthcare businesses that support elderly people’s efforts to lead long healthy lives, and promote such services and operations overseas, an endeavor conducive to economic growth.
７月に閣議決定した「健康・医療戦略」では、２０年までに健康寿命を１歳以上延ばす目標を打ち出した。「元気で長生き」を支える健康・医療関連産業を育成して、海外展開を促し、経済成長につなげたい考えだ。
An increase in the number of healthy elderly people is also expected to help secure workers and contribute to the promotion of volunteer activities.
元気な高齢者の増加は、労働力の確保やボランティアの活性化にもつながるだろう。
Battle lifestyle illnesses
To increase the healthy life span, it is important for individuals to take preventive measures against lifestyle-related illnesses even while they are still working. Various complications can occur from diabetes, high blood pressure and other diseases associated with one’s lifestyle habits, which can easily lead to a need for nursing-care services in old age.
健康寿命を延ばすには、現役時代から生活習慣病の予防を心がけることが大切だ。糖尿病や高血圧などは、様々な合併症を引き起こし、要介護状態を招きやすい。
It is also necessary for local government and business corporations to play an active role in improving the health of local residents and employees. Measures must include promoting better lifestyle habits and raising the percentage of people receiving medical checkups.
自治体や企業も、住民や社員の生活習慣の改善や、健康診断の受診率向上などの健康作り対策に積極的に取り組む必要がある。
A good case in point is the Shizuoka prefectural government. The local government is promoting what it calls a “health mileage program” under which local residents are awarded points according to their medical checkup and daily physical exercise records. When a resident has collected a certain number of points, he or she is entitled to receive complimentary services at shops participating in the program.
静岡県は、健診の受診や日々の運動実績をポイント化し、一定以上になると協力店で優待サービスを受けられる「健康マイレージ」事業を行っている。
Meanwhile, Tanita Corp., a Tokyo-based measurement equipment manufacturer, has adopted a system in which pedometers are distributed to all its employees, requiring them to record how many steps they take every day. Employees who score high in this daily practice receive awards for their accomplishments.
計測器メーカーのタニタは、歩数計を全社員に配って計測を義務づけ、ランキング上位者を表彰する制度を設けている。
We hope measures will be taken to achieve the intended goal in a manner that fits the realities of each community and company.
地域や会社の実情に合った対策を進めてもらいたい。
It is also important to provide elderly people with more opportunities to play an active role in society. If they make contributions to society through work and community service, elderly people will find their lives to be fulfilling and are unlikely to need nursing care.
高齢者の活躍の場を広げることも重要だ。仕事や地域活動で社会に貢献することは、生きがいになり、介護予防に役立つだろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 24, 2014)
Elderly must enjoy healthy long life without need for nursing care
健康寿命 「元気で長生き」を目指したい
A major challenge facing the nation at a time when its population is rapidly aging is to ensure that elderly people can maintain their day-to-day lives for as long as possible, dispensing with the need to receive nursing care.
高齢になっても、介護を必要とせず、自立して生活できる期間をできるだけ延ばしていく。超高齢社会へ向けた大きな課題である。
In early August, the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry released the 2014 edition of its annual white paper, which focused on the goal of expanding the healthy life span so that the nation can be transformed into a long-lived, healthy society.
厚生労働省が今月公表した２０１４年版の厚生労働白書は、「健康長寿社会の実現に向けて」をタイトルに、「健康寿命の延伸」をメインテーマに掲げた。
Healthy life expectancy refers to the number of years that people can continue to live their daily lives independently, uninterrupted by health problems and without having to receive the help of family members or others.
健康寿命は、健康上の問題で日常生活が制限されず、家族などの手を借りることなく暮らせる年数のことだ。
In 2010, the healthy life span of the Japanese stood at 70.42 for men and 73.62 for women, both marking the world’s highest levels. The figures have been increasing year by year.
日本では、２０１０年時点で男性７０・４２歳、女性７３・６２歳と世界最高水準にあり、年々延びている。
However, these figures compare poorly with the average life expectancy—80.21 for men and 86.61 for women in 2013. This shows there is a disparity of about 10 years between the healthy life span and the average life expectancy among both Japanese men and women.
ただし、平均寿命（１３年）の男性８０・２１歳、女性８６・６１歳と比較すると、いずれも１０歳前後の開きがある点に留意すべきだ。
The gap represents how long men and women will be highly dependent on nursing care and medical services. It is widening due to a greater increase in the average life expectancy compared to that of the healthy life span.
この差は、介護や医療への依存度が高くなる期間を意味する。健康寿命より平均寿命の延びが大きいため、拡大する傾向にある。
It is necessary to shorten the period for which people need nursing and medical care, a task essential for enabling elderly people to live fulfilling, independent lives. If aged persons do not become bedridden and can live in good health for an extended period, the medical and nursing-care expenses they incur will likely be significantly reduced.
できる限りこの期間を短縮することが、高齢者一人一人の生活を充実させるために欠かせない。寝たきりにならず、健康に過ごせる期間が延びれば、医療・介護費の抑制効果も期待できる。
The government has said the goal of making Japan a nation of healthy and long-lived people is a pillar of its growth strategy.
政府は、健康長寿の実現を成長戦略の柱とも位置づけている。
In its strategy for health preservation and medical improvement adopted at a Cabinet meeting in July, the government said it would pursue the target of increasing the healthy life expectancy by more than one year by the end of 2020. The government hopes to nurture healthcare businesses that support elderly people’s efforts to lead long healthy lives, and promote such services and operations overseas, an endeavor conducive to economic growth.
７月に閣議決定した「健康・医療戦略」では、２０年までに健康寿命を１歳以上延ばす目標を打ち出した。「元気で長生き」を支える健康・医療関連産業を育成して、海外展開を促し、経済成長につなげたい考えだ。
An increase in the number of healthy elderly people is also expected to help secure workers and contribute to the promotion of volunteer activities.
元気な高齢者の増加は、労働力の確保やボランティアの活性化にもつながるだろう。
Battle lifestyle illnesses
To increase the healthy life span, it is important for individuals to take preventive measures against lifestyle-related illnesses even while they are still working. Various complications can occur from diabetes, high blood pressure and other diseases associated with one’s lifestyle habits, which can easily lead to a need for nursing-care services in old age.
健康寿命を延ばすには、現役時代から生活習慣病の予防を心がけることが大切だ。糖尿病や高血圧などは、様々な合併症を引き起こし、要介護状態を招きやすい。
It is also necessary for local government and business corporations to play an active role in improving the health of local residents and employees. Measures must include promoting better lifestyle habits and raising the percentage of people receiving medical checkups.
自治体や企業も、住民や社員の生活習慣の改善や、健康診断の受診率向上などの健康作り対策に積極的に取り組む必要がある。
A good case in point is the Shizuoka prefectural government. The local government is promoting what it calls a “health mileage program” under which local residents are awarded points according to their medical checkup and daily physical exercise records. When a resident has collected a certain number of points, he or she is entitled to receive complimentary services at shops participating in the program.
静岡県は、健診の受診や日々の運動実績をポイント化し、一定以上になると協力店で優待サービスを受けられる「健康マイレージ」事業を行っている。
Meanwhile, Tanita Corp., a Tokyo-based measurement equipment manufacturer, has adopted a system in which pedometers are distributed to all its employees, requiring them to record how many steps they take every day. Employees who score high in this daily practice receive awards for their accomplishments.
計測器メーカーのタニタは、歩数計を全社員に配って計測を義務づけ、ランキング上位者を表彰する制度を設けている。
We hope measures will be taken to achieve the intended goal in a manner that fits the realities of each community and company.
地域や会社の実情に合った対策を進めてもらいたい。
It is also important to provide elderly people with more opportunities to play an active role in society. If they make contributions to society through work and community service, elderly people will find their lives to be fulfilling and are unlikely to need nursing care.
高齢者の活躍の場を広げることも重要だ。仕事や地域活動で社会に貢献することは、生きがいになり、介護予防に役立つだろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 24, 2014)
スポンサードリンク
プロフィール
カイちゃん父親に花束を捧げる
タイのスラチャイです
妻はタイ人、娘ばかり３人も！ 
■近況
２００９年の９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症、右手が少し不自由になりました。
MRAで脳梗塞の部位を特定でき、素早い処置をとれたので大事に至りませんでした。
快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
■自己紹介・リンク
[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
・99/10 タイ全土を旅行
・00/10 タイに移住
・03/07 カイちゃん誕生
・07/06 シーファーちゃん誕生
・現在タイ国コンケン在住
[ 座右の銘 ]
Slow and steady wins the race.
遅くとも着実な者が勝利する
（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
[ 学習の手引き ]
・音読して耳から英語を吸収
・Think in English.
・ネイティブ発音付辞書活用
・英英辞典を活用（英和も）
・翻訳和文で専門用語確認
[ English Newspapers ]
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Japan Times
Washington Post
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Bangkok Post
The Nations
Phuket Gazette
[ 英字新聞の英和対訳学習 ]
英字新聞（読売）
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英字新聞（朝日２）
[ スラチャイ編集の辞書 ]
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ラオ日辞書
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[ 英字新聞リンク ]
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